Objective: To compare the frequency of prolonged QTc interval in cirrhotics with non-cirrhotics having chronic liver disease. Study design: Cohort study Place and Duration of study: Department of Gastroenterology AK CMH/Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital Rawalakot Azad Kashmir. Six months; (27-03-2019 to 26-09-2019) Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with liver cirrhosis (group I) and 100 non-cirrhotic patients ((group II) had 12 lead ECG. QT interval was calculated. And the patients were evaluated for presence of prolonged QT interval. Statistical significant determined by chi-square test (p< 0.05 was taken as significant). Results: The mean QTc duration in Group I was 0.536 + 0.012 seconds and group II was 0.431 + 0.015 seconds (p < 0.05). Prolonged QTc interval was present among 36(36%) patients in Group I and in 6 (6%) patients in Group II. (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study findings revealed that cirrhotic patients have more chances of developing the QTc abnormalities as compared to the patients without the presence of cirrhotic liver.
Background and Aim: Esophageal eosinophilia such as gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are associated with several conditions. Esophagus eosinophilic infiltration characterized the Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The purpose of the present study was to determine the esophageal eosinophilia prevalence in patients underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 96 male adult patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for unexplained upper GI symptoms in the department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology and Faculty of Medicine, DHQ Hospital Haripur KPK and Type-D Hospital Jamrud District Khyber from June 2022 to November 2022. Patient age>16 years with upper GI symptoms such as nausea, upper abdominal pain, dysphagia, vomiting, and heart burn referred for upper GI endoscopy were enrolled. Individual’s history, demographic details, physical examination, clinical details, laboratory tests such as serum creatinine, CBC, upper GI endoscopy, differential leucocytic count, liver biochemical tests, biopsy, and biopsy staining for histopathological examination were recorded. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 27. Results: Of the total 96 patients, incidence of Esophageal eosinophilia (EE), EoE, and low-grade esophageal eosinophilia was 33.3% (n=32), 5.2% (n=5), and 29.2% (n=28) respectively.
COX-2 inhibitors Lumiracoxib and Celecoxib, because these anti-inflammatory drugs increase the expression of collagens types III and IV.Methods: We evaluated in situ the presence of some granuloma components such as collagen as well as of its degradation product hydroxiprline. We also determined the local presence of relevant cytokines to granuloma formation and maintainance (TNF-␣, TGB-, ␥ -IFN, GM-CSF and IL-12) and also of NO, Pb with preserved or altered morphology and the overall architecture of the granulomas.Results: The best indicators of control of PCM as expressed by successful local Pb lysis were the presence of compact granulomas, delimited by a continuous deposit of collagen type 1 arranged in concentric orientation required to contain the fungi, and the production of high concentration of cytokines IL-12 and ␥-IFN as well as of NO. The concentration of collagen metabolite per se was not an indicator of Pb containment or dissemination.Conclusion: Based on these parameters, we can conclude that therapy with ␥-IFN and /or Tetracycline seems promising, reducing the fungal load, increasing the production of NO and of the stimulatory cytokines ␥-IFN and IL-12, decreasing that of the inhibitory cytokine TGB- and altering the granulomas architecture towards a compact structure in order to provide Pb containment without excessive fibrosis.
Objective: Using non-invasive methods, such as BMI and CT LAIto suggest a prediction model for hepatic steatosis, examine the CT liver attenuation index and body mass index (BMI)association for pathological steatosis in living liver donors. Histological analysis remains the standard reference. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Liver Transplantation Department, Bahria International Hospital Orchard, Lahore from 1st June 2017 to 31st December 2018. Methodology: Fifty-nine donors were included with a median age of 23.00 years, as well as the potential donors for LDLT who experienced evaluation as a potential liver donor. Donors who underwent CT scan and histological liver evaluation were part of this study. Results: Of the donors, forty-eight (81.35%) had a CT LAI ≥1. The median BMI was 22.1 (range: 17.00–33.4). Twenty eight (47.5%) of the patients had undergone liver biopsy for screening in the pre-transplant period whereas 31 (52.5%) of the total evaluated donors underwent biopsy during the transplant. Thirty four (57.62%) out of 59 evaluated living liver donors underwent hepatectomy. Non-significant association (P=0.719) between different categories of BMI as the steatosis increases histologically, whereas significant association (P<.05) for CT LAI as the steatosis increases histologically. Conclusion: Body mass index alone is not a reliable factor for liver fat estimation non-enhanced CT liver-spleen attenuation index of ≤0 correspond to severe hepatic steatosis reserving histopathological liver evaluation via biopsy for selected cases and decreasing the need of liver biopsy while making sure both donor and recipient are safe. Keywords:Living donor liver transplantation, CT LAI, BMI, Liver biopsy
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