BackgroundStigma affects all aspects of mental disorders, and is the most important risk factor for promoting mental health. The aim of this study was to explore strategies effective in reducing the stigma toward people with mental disorders in Iran.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted from 2013 to 2016. All participants were recruited by purposive sampling method. The majority of them were stakeholders of mental health in Iran. Data were collected through eight individual interviews, two focus groups, and six written narratives. The data were collected, coded and analyzed simultaneously. Content analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative interview data.ResultsThe major themes that emerged were: “Emphasis on education and changing attitudes”, “Changing the culture”, “Promoting supportive services”, “Role of various organizations and institutions”, “Integrated reform of structures and policies to improve the performance of custodians”, and “Evidence-based actions”.ConclusionsThis study did not investigate the extent of stigma or its origins, rather it examines strategies appropriate for implementation in Iran. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies for reducing the stigma attached to patients with mental disorders.

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frequencies of genotypes and alleles of the two T-786C and G894T polymorphisms when patients with ED and normal controls were compared.• In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of increased ED was strongly associated with the -786C allele [adjusted OR = 3.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.28-4.25; P = 0.001] and the 894T allele (adjusted OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 2.53-4.87; P = 0.001).• The data showed a higher prevalence of the T-786C CC genotype (adjusted OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.88-3.65; P = 0.006), and the G894T GT (adjusted OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.24-2.83; P = 0.037) and G894T TT genotypes (adjusted OR = 3.42, 95% CI 2.42-4.26; P = 0.001) in patients with ED than in the controls. CONCLUSIONS• The findings of the present study suggest that the eNOS T-786C and G894T polymorphisms are strong predictors of the predisposition to ED in addition to traditional risk factors, signifying a genetic influence for this multifactorial disease.• Further studies in different ethnic populations are needed to better elucidate the role of eNOS gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of ED.

treatment you received during the 12-week improve meaningful your sexual desire?') and overall patient satisfaction question ('Are you satisfied with the efficacy of your treatment?'). RESULTSThe mean ( SD ) composite score on the BISF-W, increased from 15.8 (2.6) and 15.5 (2.2) at baseline to 33.9 (4.2) and 16.9 (2.6) in the bupropion and placebo groups, respectively ( P = 0.001). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for response in the bupropion group relative to placebo was 3.2 (2.1-6.3). The thoughts/desire score more than doubled in patients treated with bupropion ( P = 0.001). At the 12-week evaluation the reduction in the PDS scale was 29.4% in bupropion and 4.7% in the placebo group ( P = 0.01). In response to the GEQ, of patients in the bupropion and placebo groups, 65.3%, and 4.3%, respectively, responded 'Definitely yes' ( P = 0.001). Of patients in the bupropion and placebo groups, 71.8%, and 3.7%, respectively, were definitely satisfied with the efficacy of their treatment, ( P = 0.001). After 12 weeks of treatment, 82 women (78.1%) in the bupropion and five (4.9%) in the placebo group were willing to continue therapy ( P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONSThe results from this study indicate that bupropion SR is an effective and welltolerated treatment for HSDD in ovulating women. Further controlled trials are warranted. KEYWORDShypoactive sexual desire disorder, bupropion, treatment, ovulating women, libido Study Type -Therapy (RCT) Level of Evidence 1b

Educational formats that suit different stages of learning can support primary care doctors to reach higher stages of behavioural change in the topic of depressive disorders. Our findings have practical implications for conducting CME programmes in Iran and are possibly also applicable in other parts of the world.