In this paper, we proposed a home energy management system (HEMS) that includes photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicle (EV), and energy storage systems (ESS). The proposed HEMS fully utilizes the PV power in operating domestic appliances and charging EV/ESS. The surplus power is fed back to the grid to achieve economic benefits. A novel charging and discharging scheme of EV/ESS is presented to minimize the energy cost, control the maximum load demand, increase the battery life, and satisfy the user’s-traveling needs. The EV/ESS charges during low pricing periods and discharges in high pricing periods. In the proposed method, a multi-objective problem is formulated, which simultaneously minimizes the energy cost, peak to average ratio (PAR), and customer dissatisfaction. The multi-objective optimization is solved using binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO). The results clearly show that it minimizes the operating cost from 402.89 cents to 191.46 cents, so that a reduction of 52.47% is obtained. Moreover, it reduces the PAR and discomfort index by 15.11% and 16.67%, respectively, in a 24 h time span. Furthermore, the home has home to grid (H2G) capability as it sells the surplus energy, and the total cost is further reduced by 29.41%.
Summary
Residential building consumes a significant amount of energy. To address the issue, these structures have been supplied with renewable energy sources (RES), an energy storage system (ESS), and an electric vehicle (EV). In a home, a home energy management system (HEMS) has been implemented to schedule and regulate domestic appliances. Many studies in HEMS have been conducted in order to reduce the cost of power and the peak to average ratio (PAR). However, there is insufficient use of RES, ESS, EV, and excess domestic energy. As a result, this research presents a HEMS architecture that is integrated with RES and ESS and includes home‐to‐grid (H2G) power flow functionality. The RES electricity is initially utilized to power domestic appliances and charge ESS before being transferred back into the main grid to reap economic rewards. During the low‐price period, the ESS and EV are charged and discharged during the high‐price period. The paper built a multi‐objective optimization problem using the provided approach that integrates electricity cost and system PAR. The grey wolf optimization algorithm is used to tackle the multi‐objective optimization problem. The results clearly show that the proposed technique decreases expenditures by 45.80% and PAR by 28.44%, compared to the baseline timetable in 24 h. The H2G power flow feature allows the home to send back excess energy to the grid, cutting electricity expenditures by 70% and achieving additional economic benefits.
This paper discusses the power consumption profile and demand response potential of home appliances in India. It includes WH (water heater), HVAC (Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system, cloth dryer, washing machine and critical appliances. Mathematical module of these appliances have been developed.
Simulation results show that the water heater has highest demand response potential followed by cloth dryer, HVAC, and washing machine. Consumer life style and comfort is affected if DR (Demand Response) is applied in critical appliances. This paper provides an insight that how much DR can be performed for residential consumers.Arshad Mohammad received bachelor of engineering in electrical engineering and master in technology in electrical engineering with specialization in instrumentation and control from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India in 2013 and 2015 respectively. Currently he is pursuing PhD in power system. His research interest energy management and monitoring in smart home, smart grid and micro-grid.
S.B Asgharreceived master in engineering from AMU in 1988. He has done his PhD from Baba sahib Ambedkar Bihar University in 2018. Now he is currently head of department in maulana azad college of engineering and technology.His research interest include renewable energy and power electronics.Imtiaz ashraf has done his B.sc engineering and M.sc engineering from Aligarh Muslim University. He has done his PhD from IIT Delhi. Presently he professor and chairman at department of electrical engineering. His research interest include renewable energy, micro grid planning, energy management and optimization.
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