Solid-state hydride compounds are
a promising option for efficient
and safe hydrogen-storage systems. Lithium reactive hydride composite
system 2LiBH4 + MgH2/2LiH + MgB2 (Li-RHC)
has been widely investigated owing to its high theoretical hydrogen-storage
capacity and low calculated reaction enthalpy (11.5 wt % H2 and 45.9 kJ/mol H2). In this paper, a thorough investigation
into the effect of the formation of nano-TiAl alloys on the hydrogen-storage
properties of Li-RHC is presented. The additive 3TiCl3·AlCl3 is used as the nanoparticle precursor. For the investigated
temperatures and hydrogen pressures, the addition of ∼5 wt
% 3TiCl3·AlCl3 leads to hydrogenation/dehydrogenation
times of only 30 min and a reversible hydrogen-storage capacity of
9.5 wt %. The material containing 3TiCl3·AlCl3 possesses superior hydrogen-storage properties in terms of
rates and a stable hydrogen capacity during several hydrogenation/dehydrogenation
cycles. These enhancements are attributed to an in situ nanostructure
and a hexagonal AlTi3 phase observed by high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy. This phase acts in a 2-fold manner,
first promoting the nucleation of MgB2 upon dehydrogenation
and second suppressing the formation of Li2B12H12 upon hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycling.
Hydrogen storage in the solid state represents one of the most attractive and challenging ways to supply hydrogen to a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Although in the last 15 years a large variety of material systems have been identified as possible candidates for storing hydrogen, further efforts have to be made in the development of systems which meet the strict targets of the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Recent projections indicate that a system possessing: (i) an ideal enthalpy in the range of 20-50 kJ/mol H 2 , to use the heat produced by PEM fuel cell for providing the energy necessary for desorption; (ii) a gravimetric hydrogen density of 5 wt. % H 2 and (iii) fast sorption kinetics below 110 • C is strongly recommended. Among the known hydrogen storage materials, amide and imide-based mixtures represent the most promising class of compounds for on-board applications; however, some barriers still have to be overcome before considering this class of material mature for real applications. In this review, the most relevant progresses made in the recent years as well as the kinetic and thermodynamic properties, experimentally measured for the most promising systems, are reported and properly discussed.
Hydrogen as an energy carrier is very versatile in energy storage applications. Developments in novel, sustainable technologies towards a CO2-free society are needed and the exploration of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) as well as solid-state hydrogen storage applications based on metal hydrides can provide solutions for such technologies. However, there are still many technical challenges for both hydrogen storage material and ASSBs related to designing low-cost materials with low-environmental impact. The current materials considered for all-solid-state batteries should have high conductivities for Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, while Al3+-based compounds are often marginalised due to the lack of suitable electrode and electrolyte materials. In hydrogen storage materials, the sluggish kinetic behaviour of solid-state hydride materials is one of the key constraints that limit their practical uses. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome the kinetic issues of hydride materials before discussing and considering them on the system level. This review summarizes the achievements of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) innovative training network (ITN) ECOSTORE, the aim of which was the investigation of different aspects of (complex) metal hydride materials. Advances in battery and hydrogen storage materials for the efficient and compact storage of renewable energy production are discussed.
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