The structural elements, tridimensional aspects of the lingual papillae, yours connective tissue cores (CTCs) and the ultrastructure of the dorsal epithelium surface of the tongue of guinea pig are examined. Filiform papillae and their CTCs lie throughout the tongue surface, featuring subtypes and different shapes. Fungiform papillae are dome-shaped, and their CTCs are few, with heterogenic disposition among the filiform papillae in the lingual apex and body and in grooves stretching to the side margin among the foliate papillae towards the lingual apex. Foliate papillae are well developed, and their CTCs are composed of five pairs of parallel seams limited by deep grooves placed bilaterally in the caudal region. Two vallate papillae are observed in the caudal region and reveal specialized structures which are developed and differentiated when they present compound elements by a double epithelial projection, in a column, similar to the shape of the foliate papilla. Further, the epithelium is organized by layers with ultrastructural components. Therefore, we conclude that the structural descriptions, dimensional aspects of tongue papillae, their CTCs and the ultrastructure of the tongue epithelium of guinea pigs are similar to other rodent mammals, however, with new descriptions as double epithelial projection constituting each vallate papilla.
RESUMORecursos tecnológicos podem contribuir para o ensino da Anatomia Veterinária, tornando as disciplinas relativas a tal área, que são essenciais para a formação dos estudantes de Medicina Veterinária, cada vez mais atualizadas frente às novas tecnologias e às novas gerações de estudantes. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi aplicar a digitalização e a impressão 3D para produzir biomodelos dos esqueletos canino e equino, de modo a disponibilizar as peças produzidas como ferramenta alternativa de estudo nas aulas práticas de anatomia veterinária. Ossos de cão e equino foram digitalizados, sendo possível realizar a sua impressão 3D com preservação eficaz das principais estruturas anatômicas. Por meio desse processo, também foi possível gerar arquivos digitais para que sejam utilizados durante as aulas práticas. Além disso, os biomodelos e os arquivos digitais produzidos poderão ser aplicados como uma forma alternativa e complementar para o estudo anatômico do esqueleto canino e equino.Palavras-Chave: Biomodelagem anatômica; Ossos do Esqueleto; Anatomia Animal.
ABSTRACTTechnological resources can contribute to the teaching of Veterinary Anatomy, making this discipline, which is basic and essential for students of Veterinary Medicine, more interesting and accurate. In this study, the objective was to apply the 3D scanning and printing to produce biomodels of the canine and equine skeleton proposing to make available the models produced as a study tool in the practical classes of veterinary anatomy. Dog and equine bones were scanned. Then, it was possible to make the 3D printing of these bones with effective preservation of the main anatomical structures. Through scanning, it was also possible to generate digital files aiming their use in the classroom. These biomodels can be applied in the anatomical canine and equine skeleton study.
BackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) scanning and printing for the production of models is an innovative tool that can be used in veterinary anatomy practical classes. Ease of access to this teaching material can be an important aspect of learning the anatomy of domestic animals. In this study, a scanner was used to capture 3D images and a 3D printer that performs die-cast printing was used to produce skeletal models of the thoracic limb of a horse.MethodsBones from a horse were selected for scanning and creation of 3D-printed models. The printer used a filamentous thermoplastic material (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene [ABS]) which was deposited together with a support resin. Comparisons of the anatomical characteristics (measurements from the original and printed bone) were analyzed to determine the p-value.ResultsBones from the thoracic limb: scapula, humerus, radius and ulna, carpus and phalanges were used to produce digital and physical models for 3D impressions. Then the anatomical characteristics of the 3D printed models were compared with those of the original bones. The p-value was measured to be 0.9126, indicative of a strong evidence of similarity between the 3D-printed models and specimens. Thus, there was no significant statistical difference between the models and the original anatomical parts.ConclusionsThe anatomical characteristics were successfully identified in the 3D-printed copies, demonstrating that models of animal bones can be reproduced using 3D printing technology for use in veterinary education.
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