• Bedside and fluoroscopy guided techniques are commonly used for PICC placement. • Catheter malposition is the major technical issue with the bedside technique. • Catheter malposition occurred in 53% of patients with the bedside technique.

• Malposition of indwelling central catheter can cause superior vena cava obstruction. • Image-guided catheter placement helps prevent superior vena cava obstruction. • Imaging and superior vena cava obstruction classification allows adequate procedure planning. • Endovascular techniques are safe and effective for superior vena cava syndrome treatment.

4.

• Intravascular filling-defect lesions are related to both benign conditions and malignant tumours. • Endovascular biopsy is indicated in case of doubt about intravascular lesion nature. • Percutaneous endovascular biopsy is a safe technique. • Endovascular biopsy provides tissue samples leading to correct histopathological analysis. • Percutaneous endovascular biopsy provides early diagnosis of malignant intravascular lesions.