Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for several percent of all adult malignant tumor cases and is directly associated with over 120 thousand death cases worldwide annually. Therefore, there is a need for cancer biomarker tests and methods capable of discriminating between normal and malignant tissue. It is demonstrated that gold nanoparticle enhanced target (AuNPET), a nanoparticle-based, surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI)-type mass spectrometric method for analysis and imaging, can differentiate between normal and cancerous renal tissue. Diglyceride DG(18:1/20:0)-sodium adduct and protonated octadecanamide ions were found to have greatly elevated intensities in cancerous part of analyzed tissue specimen. Compounds responsible for mentioned ions formation were pointed out as a potential clear cell RCC biomarkers. Their biological properties and localization on the tissue surface are also discussed. Potential application of presented results may also facilitate clinical decision making during surgery for large renal masses.
Infrared (IR) laser
ablation-remote-electrospray ionization (LARESI)
platform coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) operated in
selected reaction monitoring (SRM) or multiple reaction monitoring
(MRM) modes was developed and employed for imaging of target metabolites
in human kidney cancer tissue. SRM or MRM modes were employed to avoid
artifacts that are present in full scan MS mode. Four tissue samples
containing both cancerous and noncancerous regions, obtained from
three patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), were imaged. Sixteen
endogenous metabolites that were reported in the literature as varying
in abundance between cancerous and noncancerous areas in various human
tissues were selected for analysis. Target metabolites comprised ten
amino acids, four nucleosides and nucleobases, lactate, and vitamin
E. For comparison purposes, images of the same metabolites were obtained
with ultraviolet (UV) desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
(UV-LDI-MSI) using monoisotopic silver-109 nanoparticle-enhanced target
(
109
AgNPET) in full-scan MS mode. The acquired MS images
revealed differences in abundances of selected metabolites between
cancerous and noncancerous regions of the kidney tissue. Importantly,
the two imaging methods offered similar results. This study demonstrates
the applicability of the novel ambient LARESI SRM/MRM MSI method to
both investigating and discovering cancer biomarkers in human tissue.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent and lethal malignancy of the kidney. Despite all the efforts made, no tissue biomarker is currently used in the clinical management of patients with kidney cancer. A search for possible biomarkers in urine for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been conducted. Non-targeted metabolomic analyses were performed on paired samples of surgically removed renal cancer and normal tissue, as well as on urine samples. Extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, decanoylcarnitine, propanoylcarnitine, carnitine, dodecanoylcarnitine, and norepinephrine sulfate were found in much higher concentrations in both cancer tissues (compared with the paired normal tissue) and in urine of cancer patients (compared with control urine). In contrast, riboflavin and acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) were present at significantly higher concentrations both in normal kidney tissue as well as in urine samples of healthy persons. This preliminary study resulted in the identification of several compounds that may be considered potential clear cell renal carcinoma biomarkers.
Graphical abstractPLS-DA plot based on LC-MS data for normal and cancer human tissue samples. The aim of this work was the identification of up- and downregulated compounds that could potentially serve as renal cancer biomarkers.
Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00216-018-1059-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
IntroductionLong-term outcomes of patients treated for invasive bladder cancer in Poland are poorly documented in the literature. Impact of various clinical parameters on their survival is even less well studied. Radical cystectomy is a major surgery, so the patients’ condition can be equally important as cancer stage. The aim of the study was to assess 5-year overall survival (OS) after cystectomy and impact of comorbidity on OS in a single Polish academic centre.Material and methodsClinical data of all patients who underwent cystectomy in years 2004-2006 for urothelial cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Survival status was determined at least 5 years after surgery. Pathological variables, comorbidities, surgery delay and complications were evaluated as potential predictors of OS. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the survival function as well as Cox proportional hazards models were utilized.ResultsThirty-day, 1-year and 5-year OS for 63 patients was 98.4%, 58.7% and 31.7%, respectively. None of the investigated parameters were significantly related to five-year OS. However, a composite parameter consisting of stage, diabetes status and postoperative course was found as a significant predictor. Five-year OS in 16 patients with pT1-2 and without diabetes and without post-operative complications was higher than in the remaining 47 patients (56% vs. 23%; P = 0.02).ConclusionsFive-year OS in our group was lower than in most published international series but concordant with a previous Polish report. Improvement in survival after radical cystectomy may be expected when early diagnosis will be accompanied by optimal care of patients with diabetes mellitus and avoidance of postoperative complications.
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