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Studies are urgently needed to characterize immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) mRNA vaccines in kidney transplant (KT) recipients, excluded from major clinical trials. Complex ELISPOT and other cellular response techniques have been applied, but simpler tools are needed. An easy‐to‐use real‐world monitoring of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies against the Spike protein and QuantiFERON ® SARS‐CoV‐2 IFNγ release assay (IGRA) were performed at baseline and 28 days after the second dose in KT recipients and controls (dialysis patients and healthy ones). All healthy controls and >95% dialysis controls became positive for anti‐S IgG antibodies, while only 63.3% of KT patients seroconverted with a very low antibody level. A positive IGRA was documented in 96.9% of controls, 89.3% peritoneal dialysis, 77.6% hemodialysis, 61.3% of KT patients transplanted more than 1 year ago and only 36% of those transplanted within the previous 12 months. Overall, 100% of healthy controls, 95.4% of dialysis patients and 78.8% KT recipients developed any immune response (humoral and/or cellular) against SARS‐CoV‐2. KT patients showed low rates of immune responses to mRNA Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 vaccines, especially those with recent transplantations. Simple humoral and cellular monitoring is advisable, so that repeated doses may be scheduled according to the results.

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SummaryBackground and objectives Data are needed to assess safety and efficacy of the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 vaccine in renal patients.Design, setting, participants, & measurements We prospectively evaluated seroconversion, predictors of response, and vaccine safety in renal patients. Hemagglutination inhibition tests to detect serum antibodies against a new influenza A-H1N1 virus were performed in 79 transplant patients, 48 hemodialysis patients, and 15 healthy workers before and 1 month after vaccination. Healthy controls and 88 of 127 renal patients were vaccinated. Seroconversion was defined as at least 2 dilutions increase in titer.Results We excluded 19 individuals seroprotected (Ն1/40) against the novel H1N1 in the initial sample. Efficacy rate in the 96 vaccinated individuals was 43.7% (42 of 96 seroconverted versus four of 27 nonvaccinated patients, P ϭ 0.007). For vaccinated subgroups, efficacy was 41.8% in transplant patients (P ϭ 0.039 versus nonvaccinated), 33.3% in hemodialysis patients (P ϭ 0.450), and 81.8% in controls. Healthy controls showed better response to vaccine than transplant (P ϭ 0.021) and dialysis (P ϭ 0.012) patients. For the transplant subgroup, longer time after transplantation (P ϭ 0.028) was associated with seroconversion, but no influence was found for age, gender, renal function, or immunosuppression. In the hemodialysis subgroup, younger age was associated with response (55.7 Ϯ 20.8 versus 71.6 Ϯ 10.1 years, P ϭ 0.042), but other specific variables, including Kt/V or time on dialysis, were not. No serious adverse events were reported, and kidney function was stable. ConclusionThe novel influenza A 2009 H1N1 vaccine was safe in renal patients, although administration of a single dose of adjuvanted vaccine induced a poor response in these patients.