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Key Points Question What is the association of the use of checkpoint inhibitors with the risk of neurological adverse events? Findings In this meta-analysis of 39 trials evaluating the use of checkpoint inhibitors to treat various malignant neoplasms, the risk of neurological adverse events was lower when compared with chemotherapy. However, the risk of neurologic adverse events was higher with checkpoint inhibitors compared with placebo. Meaning These results suggest patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors are less likely to develop neurologic adverse events compared with other cancer medications, particularly cytotoxic chemotherapy.