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DARROZ, J. V.; FUSO, L. C.; BORGES, N. M.; GOMES, A. J. P. S. Utilização de fitoterápicos no tratamento de constipação intestinal. Arq. Cienc. Saúde UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 18, n. 2, p, 113-119, maio/ago. 2014. RESUMO:A incidência da constipação intestinal está frequentemente associada à dieta inadequada e sedentarismo. Acomete indivíduos em qualquer momento da vida. O objetivo deste presente trabalho foi relacionar os medicamentos fitoterápicos atualmente utilizados no tratamento da constipação crônica, apresentando seus mecanismos de ação e seus efeitos adversos. A metodologia empregada baseou-se na pesquisa em base de dados como Scielo, Science Direct, Medline. Os laxantes utilizados clinicamente estão divididos farmacologicamente em 5 tipos, no entanto somente em 2 dessas classes se encontram representantes fitoterápicos: laxativos expansores do bolo fecal e laxativos irritantes ou estimulantes. A utilização de laxantes é produzir evacuações de boa aparência e bem hidratadas, reduzindo os sintomas da constipação crônica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Constipação intestinal; Medicamentos fitoterápicos; Plantas medicinais. PHYTOTHERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF CONSTIPATION ABSTRACT:The incidence of constipation is frequently associated with an inadequate diet and a sedentary lifestyle. It affects individuals at any time of life. The objective of this study was to relate herbal medicines currently used to treat chronic constipation, presenting its action mechanisms and adverse effects. The methodology used was based on research in databases such as Scielo, Science Direct and Medline. The laxative clinically used are pharmacologically divided into five groups; however, only in two of these groups there are herbal medicine representatives: laxatives that expand the stool and irritant or stimulant laxatives. Laxatives are used to produce good and well--hydrated bowel movements, reducing the symptoms of chronic constipation.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects millions of women around the world every year. Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated pathogen in women and its rapid ability to develop resistance to first and second line therapies has boosted the search for new and effective antifungal agents. In this study, we show the in vitro anti-Candida activity of fifteen synthetic chalcone analogs and their antifungal potential in an in vivo model of VVC. Chalcone 12 showed potent antifungal effects, being able to inhibit the growth of Candida spp. at a concentration of 15.6 µg mL. In addition, mechanism of action studies have indicated the ergosterol fungal membrane as the target of this compound. Despite a considerable antifungal activity, the chalcone 12 showed high cytotoxicity in kidney cells lineages. Moreover, this compound was able to reduce Candida-associated virulence, impairing yeast-hyphal transition in C. albicans. An in vivo model of VVC showed that chalcone 12 significantly reduces the fungal load. Taken together, these findings showed that the chalcone 12 is a potent anti-Candida agent in vitro beyond of contribute to improve the fungal infection in a model of CVV. However, it showed low selectivity and high toxicity, suggesting molecular modifications to minimize these proprieties.

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Objective Expectant parents who live through perinatal loss experience intense grief, which is not always acknowledged or accepted. A screening tool to detect bereaved parents’ grief reactions can guide professionals, including perinatal palliative care teams, to provide follow-up for those in need. This review's goal is to identify and synthesize the international published literature on existent instruments specifically measuring the grieving process after any perinatal loss and to identify factors that could moderate grief reactions. Method Systematic review (PROSPERO # CRD42018092555) with critical synthesis. PUBMED, Cochrane, and PsycINFO databases were searched in English language articles using the keywords “perinatal” AND (“grief” OR “bereavement” OR mourning) AND (“scale” OR “questionnaire” OR “measure” OR “assessment”) up to May 2018. Eligibility criteria included every study using a measure to assess perinatal grief after all kinds of perinatal losses, including validations and translations to other languages and interventions designed to alleviate grief symptoms. Results A total of 67 papers met inclusion criteria. Seven instruments measuring perinatal grief published between 1984 and 2002 are described. The Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) was used in 53 of the selected studies. Of those, 39 analyzed factors associated with grief reactions. Six articles used PGS scores to evaluate pre- and post-bereavement interventions. Studies in English language only might have limited the number of articles. Significance of results The PGS is the most used standardized measures to assess grief after perinatal loss. All parents living through any kind of perinatal loss should be screened.

Questões críticas foram levantadas envolvendo interações potenciais entre os componentes do filtro solar e os componentes de agentes ativos antienvelhecimento (AA). O objetivo foi avaliar fotoprotetores contendo diferentes agentes AA, com ou sem fragrância, que foram submetidos à uma análise macroscópica, centrifugação, determinação de pH e o fator de proteção solar (FPS) in vitro. Todas as preparações apresentaram estabilidade física. No entanto, as formulações contendo Deanol ® apresentaram o pH significativamente mais baixo do que os outros fotoprotetores, independentemente da fragrância, indicando que a estabilidade destas formulações pode ser menor. Quanto à variação do FPS in vitro não foi encontrada diferença significativa após a adição do agente de AA em fotoprotetores. No entanto, os filtros solares contendo Enteline ® apresentaram o FPS significativamente maior nas formulações sem fragrância. Em conclusão, as preparações estudadas apresentaram estabilidade física e o intervalo de estabilidade apresentado do pH em conformidade com a necessidade de filtros solares contendo compostos Longevicell ® , Enteline ® ou Iris Iso ® como os agentes AA. No entanto, as formulações contendo Deanol ® devem ser ajustadas para a o intervalo de pH (6,0-7,0), independentemente da fragrância. Além disso, a fragrância usada em fotoprotetores Enteline ® avaliados neste trabalho pode diminuir significativamente o FPS na preparação e devem ser evitados a fim de garantir a segurança e eficácia dos protetores solares associadas aos agentes AA. Palavras-chave: fator de proteção solar, FPS in vitro, proteção solar, agentes antienvelhecimento, estabilidade física.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) has been identified as a global issue of concern due to its clinical, social and economic implications. The emerging relevance of VVC makes it crucial to increase the knowledge on its epidemiological and etiological features in order to improve its prevention and treatment. Thus, this study aimed to reveal the incidence, microbiology, antifungal pattern and risk factors of VVC in Portugal. For that, high vaginal samples were collected from 470 symptomatic and asymptomatic participants; Candida spp. were identified with molecular techniques and their antifungal susceptibility was analysed with E-tests. The results revealed an incidence of VVC among women with vulvovaginitis of 74.4%. Furthermore, 63.7% of asymptomatic women were colonized with Candida spp. Importantly, women with history of recurrent vaginal infections, those who use over-the-counter antifungals, oral contraceptive pills and non-cotton underwear were found to be at significantly higher risk of developing VVC. Candida albicans was the most common species (59%), followed by Candida glabrata (27%), in a total of 8 distinct species, with similar distribution among colonized and infected participants. Of note, various isolates, especially of the most common species, showed low susceptibility towards fluconazole. In contrast, only few isolates showed low susceptibility towards caspofungin. Overall, this study suggests that the identification of species causing VVC and their antifungal susceptibility are urgently needed in clinical practice in order to improve the decision for the most adequate treatment. It also suggests that avoiding certain risk behaviours may prevent the development of VVC.