Compared with the traditional pedal lymphangiography, intranodal lymphangiography and MR lymphangiography have made imaging of the lymphatic system less challenging. Improvements in imaging and availability of newer catheters have allowed embolization of lymphatic system much more feasible that previously envisioned. In this article, we briefly review the anatomy, imaging, and current and future of lymphatic interventions.
Iatrogenic complications due to renal biopsy majorly include formation of an arterio-venous fistula, pseudoaneurysm or arterio-ureteral fistula. These complications are observed within a span of few days post biopsy and are rare after few years. We reported a case of 32-year-old renal allograft recipient male presenting 6 years post biopsy of the left kidney with left lumbar region pain who was eventually diagnosed with arterio-venous fistula and pseudoaneurysm involving inferior interlobular branch of left renal artery. Superselective embolization was achieved using coils and high concentration glue and transient placement of a venous occlusion balloon with complete technical and clinical success.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.