This study empirically analyzes the effects of a cluster policy on firms' productivity, exports, employment and capital in the French optic/photonic industry. Exploiting firm-level data, we first analyze the selection process of the French cluster policy through a logit model, before combining a propensity score matching procedure and a differences-indifferences estimation in order to capture its impact on firms' performance in the optic/photonic industry. We first show that larger firms are more likely to be selected by the French public policy in the optic/photonic industry. Second, the firms that have received the competitiveness cluster label have become more productive. We also found a positive and significant impact of the public policy on exports, total fixed assets and employment, but no evidence has been found localization economies. Third, when compared to an industrial cluster that only benefits form agglomeration economies, we found that firms from the competitiveness clusters have experienced a labor productivity gain, greater employment and an increase in total fixed assets.
Cet article a pour objectif d’évaluer la viabilité du projet d’unification des pays du Conseil de coopération du golfe Persique (CCG). L’objectif commun de l’Arabie saoudite, de Bahreïn, des Émirats arabes unis, du Koweït, d’Oman et du Qatar était d’établir une intégration économique complète par le biais de la création d’une monnaie unique à l’horizon 2010. Suite à la suspension du processus d’unification monétaire en mai 2010 et au regain de l’euroscepticisme, cet article étudie les perspectives d’avenir du projet des pays du golfe Persique qui s’apprêtaient à former la deuxième union monétaire mondiale par la taille, en étudiant les structures économiques des monarchies du CCG, la synchronisation de leurs cycles économiques et l’optimalité de la zone monétaire. La viabilité de la future union monétaire est également évaluée à travers la parité du pouvoir d’achat (PPA) généralisée, afin d’étudier le comportement de long terme des taux de change réels.
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