In Africa, up to 80% of the population relies on herbal concoctions for their primarily health care. In Togo, western Africa, Tem tribe is a population with old knowledge of medicinal plants, however, still very little is known about their medical practices. The present study was conducted to access for the apprehension of adverse effects of traditional remedies by Tem traditional healers (TH). Enquiry was performed by interviews with healers from August to October 2007 in Tchaoudjo prefecture (Togo). The study allowed us to interview 54 TH including 41(75.93%) males and 13(24.07%) females, who cited 102 recipes assumed to have adverse effects. The recipes were used alone to cure several diseases including haemorrhoids (22.55%), female sexual disorders and infertility (21.57%), gastrointestinal disorders (18.63%), and malaria (6.86%). A total of 34 plants belonging to 21 families were cited to be components of the recipes. Euphorbiaceae and Mimosaceae families were the most represented, however, Nauclea latifolia, Khaya senegalensis, Pseudocedrela kotschyi and Xeroderris stuhlmannii were the main components of recipes linked to adverse effects. A total of 20 adverse effects were linked to the administration of theses drugs, and among them; diarrhoea, abdominal pains, polyuria, general weakness and vomiting were the most frequently encountered. These findings were in accordance with several reports of the literature concerning medicinal plants, although they were based on empirical observations. Laboratory screenings are needed to access for the effectiveness as well as the possible toxic effects of the recipes.
ABSTRAC'r-hong apolar constituents of Loncborarpus nicou roots (Leguminosae), two new pyranopolyphenols occur in the n-hexane extract, along with rotenoids, the main components. Structures of lonchocarpene (l), a stilbene, and lonchocarpusone (3), an isoflavone, were determined by spectroscopic evidence.
Cette étude s'est appuyée sur des données d'enquêtes ethnobotaniques effectuées dans la Région centrale du Togo dans un contexte de valorisation de la flore médicinale. L'étude a permis de ressortir la fréquente utilisation de Pterocarpus erinaceus et Daniella oliveri, dans le traitement de maladies infectieuses. Pour tester l'efficacité de ces deux plantes, des tests ont été effectués sur une bactérie, Staphylococcus aureus et une levure, Candida albicans, des germes souvent impliqués dans des infections. Des extractions ont été réalisées sur les différents organes de ces plantes par épuisement de solvant et par extraction totale hydroalcoolique. Les feuilles, écorces de tronc, écorces de racines et racines des deux (02) plantes se sont révélées actives sur les deux germes avec une CMI variant de 1,875 à 30 mg/ml. La présence d'alcaloïdes, flavonoïdes, tanins, saponines et anthracènes dans ces extraits révélés par l'analyse phytochimique seraient à l'origine de ces activités. Ces résultats justifient l'utilisation de ces deux plantes dans le traitement de certaines onychomycoses et candidoses en médecine traditionnelle dans la préfecture de Tchamba au Togo.
RESUMELes activités antifongiques des extraits de Cassia alata L. et de Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne Redh. ont été évaluées sur Candida albicans par la méthode de dilution en milieu liquide couplée à l'étalement sur milieu gélosé. Les résultats obtenus montrent que C. albicans est totalement inhibé par l'extrait éthanolique des feuilles de C. alata et par l'extrait au dichlorométhane des feuilles de P. thonningii avec des concentrations minimales inhibitrices respectives de 0,312 et 0,625 mg/ml.
Background:Plant-based remedies continue to play a key role in the health care of people in Togo; however, there is a lack of published data in medicinal plants and medical practices of the people in the country.Objective:This study was aimed at documenting the plant utilization in the Tem folk medicine in the central region of Togo.Materials and Methods:An ethnobotanical survey was conducted with traditional healers in the central region of Togo using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results:This study demonstrated that local specialists in the central region of Togo tend to agree with each other in terms of the plants used to treat diabetes (ICF = 0.38), infertility, and abdominal pains (ICF = 0.33), but cite a much more diverse groups of plants to treat problems related to arterial hypertension, sickle cell disease, and abscess. They use 144 herbal concoctions made of 72 plants, distributed among 36 botanical families. The Euphorbiaceae family with eight species was best represented in terms of the number of species. The species with the highest use value were Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. (Meliaceae) (UV = 0.36), Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Gentianaceae) (UV = 0.27), Trichilia emetica Vahl (Meliaceae) (UV = 0.25), and Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce (Rubiaceae) (UV = 0.21). They also rely on the timing in the plant processing and the administration of herbal remedies.Conclusion:All these findings are based on empirical observations; laboratory screenings are needed to check the effectiveness of these plants.
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