The seeds treated to different products (Khaya senegalensis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Azadirachta indica) during bio-attempts of stocking present variations in germination percentage according to the biocide product for the test of Student-Newman-Keuls at the beginning of 5%. In considering one or different plant(s) and the types of vegetable powders, the non-treated indicators peanut ArNT (0g), (98.33 % ± 0.88) and chemical of reference P (0.5g), (90.66 % ±1, 00) are meaningfully different between them and are meaningfully different from powder formulations according to doses. Even if meaningful differences are detected, the results of the germination tests show rates higher than 75% which prove a good protection of seeds by the vegetable powders without affecting their germination power. However alternatives of bioattempts in presence of substance indicators inert in real environment could be envisaged in order to see the viability of treated seeds and this in a long-preservation period.Copy Right, IJAR, 2018,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-The viability of seeds is the measure of the seeds number in a group of seeds that are alive and can grow in plants that will develop in the appropriate conditions in the fields (Rao et al., 2006). To germinate, the seed should but submitted to favourable external conditions (water, light, temperature, oxygen) and internal (absence of inhibition and dormancy, maturity, aptitude to germinate) (Larpent, 1976;Singh and Rathod, 2002; Rao et al., 2006). The germination test is realized to determine which proportion of seeds after stocking will germinate in favorable conditions and will produce normal seedlings capable of developing mature plants for their reproduction (Rao et al., 2006). In this fact, there are many tests the most used of which are the bio-chemical and germination tests. The groundnut germination is aboveground. The reservations in the cotyledons dwindle as they ensure the vigorous growth to the seedlings. The pivoting root is in general well developed and the secondary roots bear nodosities containing nitrogen fixative bacteria (Diaw, 1999).During this activity we are going to lead observations as for the germination tests of groudnut seeds. We will put the germinative faculty in an obvious place that is to say the percentage of seeds likely to produce within a given time healthy and viable seedlings, 75% is generally an acceptable rate.
Cassava plays an important role as a subsistence and cash crop in rural areas. Despite its importance, its production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries. Nowadays, it is confronted with numerous constraints. It is in this context that a study was carried out on the cassava production system in the Thiès "cassava granary" region, with the objective of identifying, through cultivation practices, the phytosanitary problems encountered by farmers. It was conducted in eight communes located in the department of Tivaouane, some of which are located in the Niayes agro-ecological zone and others in the central-northern groundnut basin. Surveys were conducted among the largest cassava producers in these communes. Our study indicates that the cultivation of cassava is conducted in the rainy season with the same practices over time. Of the five varieties listed by the President of the Interprofession Manioc du Sénégal, only four are grown in the areas surveyed. The Terrasse (43%) and Kombo (36%) varieties are grown more by our respondents in the Niayes area. Soya (75%) and Wallet "Parydiey" (20% of our sample) dominate in the central-northern groundnut basin. The study also revealed that cassava farmers face constraints related to crop diseases and pests, which consequently have a strong impact on their harvest and income.
Tomato and hot pepper are very susceptible to nematodes. The Parasitic Plant Nematodes (PPN) are controlled using chemicals or resistant varieties. This study focuses on appraising the resistance levels of local and American varieties through the plant characteristics (growth, biomass) and the nematodes metrics (gall index, population). For each crop, three American varieties were tested to ascertain their resistance to the nematodes in Senegal using the following plant materials and protocol. American tomatoe varieties are as follows: Small Fry, Jet Setter, and Celebrity. The hot pepper American varieties include Charleston Bell, Carolina Cayenne, and Carolina Wonder. All of these were provided by the Entomology and Nematology Department and Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Florida. They were compared with highly susceptible Senegalese local varieties which were Roma and Orbit for tomato and Safi for hot pepper. The test was conducted in pots containing sterilized sand of dune and placed in a shelter in a completely randomized design. There were 200 second stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne inoculated in each pot thirteen days after transplantation. After fifty days, plants were uprooted to collect agronomic and nematological parameters. Results for tomato showed, in general, better growth from Roma than the other American tomato varieties. Celebrity offered possibilities of reducing Meloidogyne population, while Small Fry and Jet Setter’s growth were not affected by Meloidogyne populations. Safi, which is the local hot pepper variety, displayed the poorest growth. Carolina Cayenne variety also performed better than Safi in heavy infestations. Analysis of Meloidogyne J2 final population data (in the soil and root) showed a significant difference between Small Fry and Celebrity for tomato. As for hot pepper, Carolina Cayenne performed significantly better than Carolina wonder and Safi. This opens up further research opportunities on the impact of Meloidogyne nematode genus and the agronomic parameters.
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