ObjectivesTo compare the prevalence, clinical and radiographic characteristics of psoriatic spondyloarthritis (PsSpA) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsA prospective single-centre cross-sectional observational study recruited consecutive PsA and AS cases. Participants completed outcome measures, and underwent clinical examination, axial radiographic scoring and HLA-sequencing. Multivariable analyses are presented.ResultsThe 402 enrolled cases (201 PsA, 201 AS; fulfilling classification criteria for respective conditions) were reclassified based upon radiographic axial disease and psoriasis, as: 118 PsSpA, 127 peripheral-only PsA (pPsA), and 157 AS without psoriasis (AS) cases. A significant proportion of patients with radiographic axial disease had PsSpA (118/275; 42.91%), and often had symptomatically silent axial disease (30/118; 25.42%). Modified New York criteria for AS were fulfilled by 48/201 (23.88%) PsA cases, and Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis criteria by 49/201 (24.38%) AS cases. pPsA compared with PsSpA cases had a lower frequency of HLA-B*27 (OR 0.12; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.25). Disease activity, metrology and disability were comparable in PsSpA and AS. A significant proportion of PsSpA cases had spondylitis without sacroiliitis (39/118; 33.05%); they less frequently carried HLA-B*27 (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.33). Sacroiliac joint complete ankylosis (adjusted OR, ORadj 2.96; 95% CI 1.42 to 6.15) and bridging syndesmophytes (ORadj 2.78; 95% CI 1.49 to 5.18) were more likely in AS than PsSpA. Radiographic axial disease was more severe in AS than PsSpA (Psoriatic Arthritis Spondylitis Radiology Index Score: adjusted incidence risk ratio 1.13; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.19).ConclusionsIn a combined cohort of patients with either PsA or AS from a single centre, 24% fulfilled classification criteria for both conditions. The pattern of axial disease was influenced significantly by the presence of skin psoriasis and HLA-B*27.

Objective To determine the incidence of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperium and to identify risk factors for pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism.Design Cohort study and case±control study.Setting London, UK.Population 395,335 women with live births or pregnancies of 24 or more weeks of gestation between 1988 and 1997.Methods Data extraction from the St Mary's Maternity Information System database. Random sample of 5% for case±control study.Main outcome measures Incidence of venous thromboembolism; odds ratios for variables associated with venous thromboembolism. ResultsThe incidence of venous thromboembolism was 85/100,000 maternities. There were approximately twice as many postpartum as antepartum events. Blood group A, multiple pregnancy, caesarean section, cardiac disease, delivery at gestational age of ,36 weeks, a body mass index of $25, or more and maternal age of 35 or over were all found to increase incidence of venous thromboembolism. Conclusions Although venous thromboembolism is the leading cause of maternal deaths in the UK, it is still a rare event. Most of these events are deep vein thromboses occurring in the postpartum period. Antenatally multiple birth is an important risk factor. Postnatally women who have had a caesarean section, premature delivery or history of cardiac disease should be assessed carefully for venous thromboembolism.

Background Depression warranting intervention is found in ten percent of people over the age of 60. Older depressed people are more likely to die than non-depressed. Relatively few receive therapeutic interventions, and those that do, tend to receive low dose antidepressant therapy. Depression in older people is thought to di er in terms of aetiology, presentation, treatment and outcome than in younger people. Concomitant physical illness and increasing social, physical and neurophysiological diversity are associated with the ageing process. Consequently drug treatment of older patients is o en carried out in institutions and on patients su ering from multiple physical problems. Objectives To determine the e icacy of antidepressant medication compared with placebo in the treatment of depression in older patients. Search methods The search strategy incorporated: electronic literature searches of databases held by the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Review Group (CCDAN) (see Collaborative Review Group Search Strategy). Reference lists of related reviews and references of located studies. Contact was made with authors working in the field. Selection criteria All randomised, placebo controlled trials using antidepressants in the treatment of the presenting episode of depression in patients described as elderly, geriatric senile or older adult. Data collection and analysis Two types of data were extracted (if available) from each study. The first type of data was dichotomous data, this consisted of recovered/not recovered. The second, continuous data,included: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Montgomery-Asberg Rating Scale (MADRS) and other depression rating scale scores. An analysis using Peto Odds ratios for the dichotomous data and weighted mean di erence for continuous data was performed using RevMan 3.1. The presence of heterogeneity of treatment e ect was assessed. Main results Seventeen trials contributed data to the analyses comparing the e icacy of antidepressant treatment and placebo. Analyses of e icacy were based on 245 patients treated with Tricyclic antidepressants (223 with placebo), 365 patients treated with SSRIs (372 with placebo) and 58 patients treated with MAOIs (63 with placebo). The results using a fixed e ect model, for the three groups respectively were,

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