Background Young people with refugee or asylum‐seeker status (R/AS) often present with complex mental health needs, in the context of traumatic life experiences. Generic mental health services in the United Kingdom (UK) may be ill‐equipped to manage the unique experiences of these young people. Culturally adapted interventions (CAI) could provide a culturally sensitive approach to mental health support for refugee children experiencing difficult symptoms. A systematic review was conducted to determine the different types of cultural adaptation in the included studies, and to determine the efficacy of CAIs in comparison to generic treatment. Methods Systematic searches of eleven databases were completed in December 2020. Any psychosocial interventions conducted in the United Kingdom aimed at providing mental health support for refugee young people and families were included. This was to ensure the potential inclusion of all studies regardless of their adherence to the traditional framework of assessment and intervention in high‐income countries, for example randomised control trials. Results Eleven studies of varying methodology, participant group, intervention type and outcome measures were included in this review. Studies used a variety of cultural adaptations including surface‐level and deep‐level adaptations. Studies showed some support for the use of CAIs with young people with R/AS, with varying degrees of symptom reduction. It was not possible to compare the effectiveness of CAIs against ‘treatment‐as‐usual’, nor to determine the effectiveness of different CAI components. Conclusions Whilst there is evidence for the use of CAIs with R/AS young people, the heterogeneity between studies limits the generalisability of these results. The available research is not sufficient to provide conclusive evidence of the use of CAIs over ‘treatment‐as‐usual’. Research and clinical implications are highlighted. Future research could examine the most effective components of CAIs and aim to increase the evidence base of interventions for young people and families with R/AS.
Europe's financial crisis has precipitated the implementation of adjustment programs, led by a «Troika» of global institutions (European Union, International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank). A disruption of the economic environment is taking place, with serious effects on social and family cohesion. The fast impoverishment of already vulnerable populations has led to an increase in social inequalities, while shifting relations between men and women in public and private spaces. The ramifications of the European crisis are not entirely detectable yet. Using existing literature and data from Portugal, this article attempts to bridge this gap by understanding the impact of the economic crisis on masculinities and gender relations.Keywords: masculinities, gender, financial crisis, austerity, domestic violence. Resumo A Crise de Masculinidades em PortugalA crise financeira na Europa tem precipitado a implementação dos programas de ajustamento estrutural, liderados por uma «Troika» de instituições (União Europeia, Fundo Monetário Internacional, o Banco Central Europeu). A destruição da vida econó-mica está em curso, com repercussões na coesão social e familiar. O empobrecimento de populações vulneráveis tem como resultado tanto o aumento de desigualdades sociais como uma mudança nas relações entre homens e mulheres.. As ramificações da crise europeia não são ainda inteiramente detectáveis. Usando literatura existente e dados de Portugal, o presente artigo tenta colmatar esta lacuna através da análise do impacto da crise económica sobre masculinidades e relações de gênero.Palavras-chave: masculinidades, gênero, crise financeira, austeridade, violência doméstica. Résumé La crise des Masculinités du PortugalLa «Troïka» composée par l'Union Européenne, le Fond Monétaire International et la Banque Centrale Européenne, est à l'origine des programmes d'ajustements structurels amenés par la crise financière Européenne. Ces programmes ont créé une instabilité éco-nomique et ont des répercussions sur le tissu social et familial. L'appauvrissement de ces populations vulnérables, creuse des inégalités sociales croissantes, tout en modifiant les relations hommes femmes dans les espaces publics et prives. Les conséquences de la crise Européenne ne sont pas complètement dévoilées. Utilisant la littérature existante et des données du Portugal, cet article afin de comprendre l'impact de la crise économique sur les masculinités et les relations de genre.Mots-clés: masculinités, sexe, crise financière, l'austérité, violence domestique.
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