The European Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EG) and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD; 2008/56/EC) were umbrella legislations for fresh and marine waters. It is a challenge for the scientific community to translate the principles of these directives into realistic and accurate approaches. Both directives have the same concept, comparing the current state of an area with that which would be expected under minimal or sustainable human use of that area and in case of degradation, intervening to bring it back to the desired good status. However, each directive used specific principles to fill it in. For the WFD, this was executed during the last decade, and many results of it were already published. This process delivered valuable knowledge on which the implementation of the MSFD can be founded.Therefore, the ICES Benthos Ecology Working Group aimed to stress and discuss some issues, with focus on benthic macro-invertebrates, related to the fulfillment of the principles of both directives. This through the description of (1) how the principles are theoretically filled in by both directives
Time-depth recorder data of eight adult Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) provided simultaneous dive records over 8 days in the Drescher Inlet, eastern Weddell Sea coast, in February 1998. The seals primarily foraged within two depth layers, these being from the sea surface to 160 m where temperature and salinity varied considerably, and near the bottom from 340 to 450 m where temperature was lowest and salinity highest. While both pelagic and benthic diving occurred during daylight, the seals foraged almost exclusively in the upper water column at night. Trawling during daytime con®rmed that Pleuragramma antarcticum were by far the most abundant ®sh both in the pelagial and close to the bottom. Pelagic night hauls at 110±170 m depth showed highly variable biomass of P. antarcticum. The temporal changes in the local abundance of P. antarcticum, particularly in the pelagial, may explain the trends in the seals' pelagic and benthic foraging activities. This study describes the jaw movements of a hunting seal, which are presumably indicative of feeding events. Trophic links from the Weddell seal to ®sh, zooplankton and krill, Euphausia superba, are discussed.
The MILOS technique allows minimally invasive transhernial repair of incisional hernias using large retromuscular/preperitoneal meshes with low morbidity. The technique combines the advantages of open sublay and the laparoscopic IPOM repair.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03133000.
There is growing evidence that climate change could affect marine benthic systems. This review provides information of climate change‐related impacts on the marine benthos in the North Atlantic. We cover a number of related research aspects, mainly in connection to two key issues. First, is the relationship between different physical aspects of climate change and the marine benthos. This section covers: (a) the responses to changes in seawater temperature (biogeographic shifts and phenology); (b) altered Hydrodynamics; (c) ocean acidification (OA); and (d) sea‐level rise‐coastal squeeze. The second major issue addressed is the possible integrated impact of climate change on the benthos. This work is based on relationships between proxies for climate variability, notably the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and the long‐term marine benthos. The final section of our review provides a series of conclusions and future directions to support climate change research on marine benthic systems. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:203–223. doi: 10.1002/wcc.330
This article is categorized under:
Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Modeling Species and Community Interactions
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