COVID‐19 outbreak has a profound impact on almost every aspect of life. Universal masking is recommended as a means of source control. Routinely exercising in a safe environment is an important strategy for healthy living during this crisis. As sports clubs and public spaces may serve a source of viral transmission, masking may become an integral part of physical activity. This study aimed to assess the physiological effects of wearing surgical masks and N95 respirators during short‐term strenuous workout. This was a multiple cross‐over trial of healthy volunteers. Using a standard cycle ergometry ramp protocol, each subject performed a maximal exercise test without a mask, with a surgical mask, and with an N95 respirator. Physiological parameters and time to exhaustion were compared. Each subject served his own control. Sixteen male volunteers (mean age and BMI of 34 ± 4 years and 28.72 ± 3.78 kg/m2, respectively) completed the protocol. Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and time to exhaustion did not differ significantly. Exercising with N95 mask was associated with a significant increase in end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) levels. The differences were more prominent as the load increased, reaching 8 mm Hg at exhaustion (none vs N95, P = .001). In conclusion, in healthy subjects, short‐term moderate‐strenuous aerobic physical activity with a mask is feasible, safe, and associated with only minor changes in physiological parameters, particularly a mild increase in EtCO2. Subjects suffering from lung diseases should have a cautious evaluation before attempting physical activity with any mask.

Background Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) infections lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. We assessed the potential of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to eradicate CPE carriage and aimed to explain failure or success through microbiome analyses. Methods In this prospective cohort study, all consenting eligible CPE carriers were treated with oral capsulized FMT for 2 days. The primary outcome was CPE eradication at 1 month, defined by 3 consecutive negative rectal swabs, the last also negative for carbapenemase gene by PCR. Comprehensive metagenomics analysis of the intestinal microbiome of donors and recipients before and after FMT was performed. Results Fifteen CPE carriers received FMT, 13 of which completed 2 days of treatment. CPE eradication at 1 month was successful in 9/15 and 9/13, respectively. Bacterial communities showed significant changes in both beta and alpha diversity metrics among participants achieving CPE eradication that were not observed among failures. Post-FMT samples' beta-diversity clustered according to the treatment outcome, both in taxonomy and in function. We observed a significant decrease in beta diversity in participants who received post-FMT antibiotics. Enterobacteriaceae abundance decreased in post-FMT samples of the responders, but increased among failures. Functionally, a clear demarcation between responders (who were similar to the donors) and failures was shown, driven by antimicrobial resistance genes. Conclusion Our study provides the biological explanation for the effect of FMT against CPE carriage. Decolonization of CPE by FMT is likely mediated by compositional and functional shifts in the microbiome. Thus, FMT might be an efficient strategy for sustained CPE eradication.

PM bacteremia in elderly and functionally-dependent patients is likely to be caused by nearly pan-resistant PM strains in the institution; 51.8% of the patients received inappropriate empiric antibiotic treatment. The crude mortality rate of patients with MDR-PM BSI was significantly higher than that of patients with S-PM BSI.

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