ROs are common in patients presenting to the ED with pneumonia. A simple clinical risk score performs moderately well at classifying patients regarding their risk for an RO.

Healthcare-associated cSSSIs are common and are likely to be caused by gram-negative organisms. Mixed infections carry a >2-fold greater risk of inappropriate treatment. Healthcare-associated cSSSIs are associated with increased mortality and prolonged length of hospital stay, compared with community-acquired cSSSIs.

Among patients with septic shock who receive appropriate initial antibiotic treatment, acquisition of infection in the intensive care unit and severity of illness appear to be the most important determinants of clinical outcome.