Introduction: Antenatal care offers a forum for critical healthcare functions, including health education, screening, and disease prevention. Several pocket studies carried out in specific localities of East African countries were investigated. However, these were neither representative of the country nor specific to the recommended minimum of four antenatal care visits. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with quality of antenatal care among pregnant women in East Africa. Methods: A secondary data analysis was done using Demographic and Health Survey data of six East African Countries from 2008 to 2018. A total of 46,656 women who gave birth in the 5 years preceding the survey were included in this study. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared as significant factors associated with the quality of antenatal care. Results: The magnitude of quality of antenatal care in East Africa was 11.16% (95% confidence interval: 10.87–11.45). Women of age 35–49 (adjusted odds ratio = 1.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.25–1.80), primary education (adjusted odds ratio = 1.35; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–1.55), richest wealth index (adjusted odds ratio = 2.35; 95% confidence interval: 2.02–2.74), and rural resident (adjusted odds ratio = 0.62; 95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.69) were among factors significantly associated with quality of antenatal care. Conclusion: The magnitude of antenatal care quality was low in East Africa. Age, level of education, wealth index, birth order, husband/partners’ level of education, residence, and living countries were among the factors associated with the quality of antenatal care. It would be useful to increase financial support strategies that enable mothers from poor households to use health services and enhance women’s understanding of the significance of antenatal care utilization through health education targeting both women and partners with no education is very crucial.

Background Vaccine prevents about 2–3 million deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases each year. However, immunization coverage in Ethiopia is lower than the herd immunity level required to prevent the spread of all vaccine-preventable diseases. Thus, this study aimed to assess the partial immunization and associated factors among 12–23-month-old children in Eastern Ethiopia. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was carried out among 874 randomly selected mothers/caregivers of children aged 12–23 months. A structured questionnaire was adapted and data were collected through face-to-face interviews and review of vaccination cards. Data were coded and analyzed using the Stata version 14 software. A binary logistic regression model was utilized to identify the determinant factors. The predictor of partial immunization was presented by an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. A p-value of < 0.05 was used to establish statistical significance. Result The prevalence of partial immunization was 31.4% (95% CI: 28–35). The dropout rate between the first and third pentavalent vaccine was 17%. Being female child [AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.52–0.95], 18–20 month child [AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1- 2.4], the child born to mothers who heard about vaccination [AOR = 3.9, 95%CI: 1.92- 8.01], a child born to mother who did not receive immunization counselling [AOR = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.15–2.36], and child whose mother walk 15–30 min, 31–60 min, and > 60 min to reach nearby health facilities [AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.1–3.45], [AOR = 4.5, 95% CI: 2.47–8.15], and [AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.59- 7.48] respectively were factors significantly associated with partial vaccination. Conclusions The prevalence of partial immunization is high compared to other studies. As a result, to decrease the proportion of defaulters and to increase immunization coverage, maternal health care utilization like antenatal care follow-up and mother knowledge about the importance of the vaccine need to be sought cautiously.

BackgroundSnakebite is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in many areas, particularly in the rural tropics, and is a major public health problem around the world. It also imposes significant economic burdens on snakebite victims due to treatment-related expenses and lost productivity.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess seasonal variation, treatment outcomes, and its associated factors among snakebite in Denan health center in the Somali region, Ethiopia.MethodA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 to 30 September 2020 in Denan health center, Somali region, Ethiopia. All snakebite cases in Denan health center from 1 September 2015 to 31 August 2020 were included. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured checklist from the patient cards. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, 2013). The prevalence was reported by proportion with 95% confidence interval (CI) and summary measures. Predictors were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis model and reported using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. Statistical significance was declared at p-value &lt; 0. 05.ResultThe overall prevalence of poor outcome of venomous snakebites was 31.4% (95% CI 26.3% 35.4%). Study participants with an age of less than 10 years old (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.39, 4.05), age between 10 and 30 years old (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.39, 9.30), arrival times greater than or equal to 6 hours (AOR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.39, 4.05), and timing of snakebite (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.31–0.87) were factors found to be significantly associated with poor treatment outcome.ConclusionAccording to this study, about one in every three snakebite patients have a poor outcome. Patients with poor outcomes were those who did not improve as a result of treatment or died as a result of it. Designing appropriate engagement of public health education about snakebite prevention techniques, particularly during entry and exit of rainy seasons and establishment of appropriate case management protocol is strongly recommended, as well as increasing the accessibility or availability of antivenoms will undoubtedly have a significant impact on the reduction of mortality and disability related to that of the snakebites.

BackgroundCervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women representing 6.6% of all female cancers occurring in low and middle-income countries, where resources for cancer prevention programs are often scarce. So this study aimed to assess the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion and associated factors among adult women with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) on Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) at Saint Peter Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 06 to July 20, 2020 among 267 adult women with HIV on Anti Retroviral Therapy At Saint Peter Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Data were collected using face-to-face interview, patient chart review, and the examination of the squamo-columnar junction by the visual inspection with the acetic acid method. The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with the precancerous cervical lesion. Statistical significance was considered at a P-valve less than 0.05.ResultA total of 267 women who were on ART were included in the study and the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion was 7.5% with 95% CI =4.10%-10.50%. Modern family planning (AOR = 4.14, 95% CI = 1.23-13.87), history of sexual transmission infection (STI) (AOR=5.39, 95% CI= 1.56-18.70) and viral load (AOR=20.85, 95% CI = 6.19-70.25) had significant association with precancerous cervical lesionConclusionIn this study, the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion is relatively low compared to studies in low and middle-income countries. Modern family planning, history of sexual transmitted infection, and viral load had a significant association with a precancerous cervical lesion. Hence, encouraging modern family planning, and routine screening of women for pre-cancerous cervical lesions for those with high viral load have enormous contributions to decreasing cervical cancer disease among Women with Human Immune Deficiency Virus through Anti Retroviral Therapy.

Introduction Malnutrition is a major public health problem that is experienced by many developing countries, like Ethiopia. Though some studies were conducted to identify the magnitude and determinants of acute malnutrition among under-five children, there is a lack of evidence that is representative of all children in Ethiopia. Hence, this national-level data could be representative of all targets and provide us with updated information on the nation-wide magnitude of nutritional status among children under the age of five in Ethiopia. Methods This study used data from the 2019 Mini-Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Children aged 0–59 months with anthropometry data were included. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA 15 software. Cross-tabulations and summary statistics were done to describe the study population. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) were used to estimate the association between nutritional status and explanatory variables and were expressed as an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Model comparison was done based on Akaike and Bayesian information criteria (AIC and BIC). Results The magnitude of stunting was 37.71% [95%CI: 36.35–39.08], while the magnitude of wasting was 7.14% [95%CI: 6.52–7.91]. Living in Tigray [AOR = 2.90, 95%CI: 2.05–4.11], Amhara [AOR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.41–2.79], having a child aged 24–35 [AOR = 3.79, 95%CI: 3.07–4.68], and being a rural resident were all significantly associated with stunting. Being born in Tigray [AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02–3.01], being born into the richest family [AOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.27–0.80], and being born from mothers aged 25–29 [AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.96] were all significantly associated with wasting. Conclusion The magnitude of stunting and wasting is relatively high in Ethiopia. Region, place of residence, and age of the child were significantly associated with stunting, and region, wealth index, and age of the child were significantly associated with wasting. This result provides a clue to give due consideration to under-five children to mitigate the risks of malnutrition through various techniques.