Aim We sought to evaluate whether the administration of phenylephrine (PE) at concentrations higher than those described in guidelines resulted in any significant changes in vital signs or impacted outcomes. Methods After receiving institutional review board approval, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients presenting to our emergency department between May 1, 2014, and August 15, 2016, using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition and Internation Classification of Disease, Tenth Edition diagnosis codes for priapism. Treatment was reviewed, including corporal aspiration/irrigation, injection of PE, and shunt procedures. Vital signs were compared before and after treatment with PE. Baseline variables were explored with categorical data analysis (chi-squared tests, t-tests, and Mann-Whitney nonparametric tests). Where feasible, linear regression was used to evaluate outcomes. Main Outcome Measure Detumescence and changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Results We identified 74 different patient encounters of acute priapism. The median age was 36.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 27–47), and the median time to presentation was 5.4 hours (IQR = 4.0–9.6). 62 percent of cases were due to drug-induced priapism. In 58 (74%) encounters, patients received PE. The median dose of PE given was 1000 μg (IQR 500–2,000). Univariate regression found no association between PE dose and change in patient heart rate or blood pressure. A statistically significant decrease in heart rate (HR) (−4.2 BPM), systolic blood pressure (BP) (−1.8 mm Hg), and diastolic BP (−5.4 mm Hg) was noted. Fifty-three of 58 (91%) patients receiving PE experienced detumescence at the bedside, 2 required shunting in operating room, and 3 refused treatment and left against medical advice. No adverse events occurred. Conclusion We frequently treat patients with high doses of PE and seldom notice adverse effects, typically resulting in resolution of priapism without any additional procedures. Careful administration of high doses of intracavernosal PE in patients presenting with priapism does not appear to significantly affect heart rate or blood pressure and may help prevent further ischemic damage and achieve detumescence effectively and efficiently.
Surgical site infection rates remain a common postoperative problem that continues to affect patients undergoing urologic surgery. Our study seeks to evaluate the difference in surgical site infection rates in patients undergoing open radical cystectomy when comparing the Bookwalter vs. the Alexis wound retractors. After institutional review board approval, we performed a retrospective chart review from February 2010 through August 2017 of patients undergoing open radical cystectomy with urinary diversion for bladder cancer. We then stratified the groups according to whether or not the surgery was performed with the Alexis or standard Bookwalter retractor. Baseline characteristics and operative outcomes were then compared between the two groups, with the main measure being incidence of surgical site infection as defined by the CDC. We evaluated those presenting with surgical site infections within or greater than 30 postoperatively. Of 237 patients who underwent radical cystectomy with either the Alexis or Bookwalter retractor, 168 patients were eligible to be included in our analysis. There was no statistical difference noted regarding surgical site infections (SSIs) between the two groups; however, the trend was in favor of the Alexis (3%) vs. the Bookwalter (11%) at less than 30 days surgery. The Alexis wound retractor likely poses an advantage in reducing the incidence in surgical site infections in patients undergoing radical cystectomy; however, multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are suggested for further elucidation.
Introduction. Novel disposable products for ureteroscopy are often inherently more expensive than conventional ones. For example, the Cook Flexor© Parallel™ (Flexor) access sheath is designed for ease and efficiency of gaining upper tract access with a solitary wire. We analyze the cost combinations, efficiency, and safety of disposable products utilized for upper tract access, including the Flexor and standard ureteral access sheath. Methods. We performed a retrospective review from January 2014 to October 2014 of patients undergoing URS for nephrolithiasis, who were prestented for various reasons (e.g., infection). Common combinations most utilized at our institution include “Classic,” “Flexor,” and “Standard.” Total costs per technique were calculated. Patient characteristics, operative parameters, and outcomes were compared among the groups. Results. The most commonly used technique involved a standard ureteral sheath and was the most expensive ($294). The second most utilized and least expensive combination involved the Flexor, saving up to $80 per case (27%). All access sheaths were placed successfully and without complications. There were no significant differences in operative time, blood loss, or complications. Conclusions. In prestented patients within this study, the Flexor combination was the most economical. Although the savings appear modest, long-term impact on costs can be substantial.
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