Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, far ahead of cancer. Epidemiological data emphasize the participation of many risk factors that increase the incidence of CVDs, including genetic factors, age, and sex, but also lifestyle, mainly nutritional irregularities and, connected with them, overweight and obesity, as well as metabolic diseases. Despite the importance of cardiovascular problems in the whole society, the principles of prevention of CVDs are not widely disseminated, especially among the youngest. As a result, nutritional neglect, growing from childhood and adolescence, translates into the occurrence of numerous disease entities, including CVDs, in adult life. This review aimed to draw attention to the role of selected minerals and vitamins in health and the development and progression of CVDs in adults and children. Particular attention was paid to the effects of deficiency and toxicity of the analyzed compounds in the context of the cardiovascular system and to the role of intestinal microorganisms, which by interacting with nutrients, may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disorders. We hope this article will draw the attention of society and the medical community to emphasize promoting healthy eating and proper eating habits in children and adults, translating into increased awareness and a reduced risk of CVD.
A 66 – year – old woman, never treated because of any cardiac illnesses in the past, suffering from the chest pain evoked by physical activity, came to the outpatient clinic on January, 12 th 2019 for the diagnostics. Clinical examination, apart from an elevated blood pressure – 180/100 mmHg, showed no changes. In the ECG – SR 55 bpm. Performed TTE revealed an abnormal structure, having the dimensions 41x29 mm. Heart chamber dimensions, except for moderately enlarged LA, were in the normal range; ejection fraction was preserved. The patient was referred to the Department of Cardiology aiming at further diagnostics. In the course of hospitalization CT of the heart was done, during which the presence of hipodensic, mobile tissue change, having irregular borders, coming out of left ventricle wall was confirmed. PET examination excluded the existence of other remote changes. TEE corroborated the diagnosis of a tumor, originating from the inferior wall of left ventricle. Performed angiography ruled out significant changes in coronary arteries. Subsequently, the patient underwent the removal of the left ventricle tumor on February, 2 nd 2019 in the Department of Cardiosurgery. Histopathological examination result after the surgery wasn’t unequivocal – differential diagnosis should have included melanoma, myoepithelial cancer and MPNST ‘high – grade’ sarcoma. Immunohistochemical examination was continued. In the meantime, a control TTE was performed, which detected a tumor 14x10 mm.
After the immunohistochemical examination results a woman was qualified to immunotherapy with the usage of pembrolizumab, initiated on March In TTE done on March, 30th 2109 the dimensions of tumor 30x20 mm suggested the disease progression. Therapy was continued. Next echocardiography didn’t visualise the presence of tumor. The patient was after the second cycle of chemotherapy.
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