ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to assess alternatives for viable corn storage for small rural properties in two annual storage experiments. A 4×5 factorial design was used with four types of storage (conventional bags, hermetic bags, metal silos and corncobs) and five periods of storage (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). We used corn hybrids 2B688RR and 30K73Hx cultivated in winter 2012 and summer 2012/2013 in the city of Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil. The moisture contents, counts of Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp., and the occurrence of aflatoxins (B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 ) were assessed. The kernels stored in hermetic bags had lower moisture contents. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were observed in 20.37 and 86.11% of winter storage samples, respectively, and in 83.3 and 91.6% of summer storage samples, respectively. The storage system and time of storage had no influence on the occurrence of Aspergillus sp. and aflatoxins in the winter crop samples. The corncobs from the summer crop samples had the lowest counts of Aspergillus sp. and did not have aflatoxins. We detected aflatoxins at concentrations of 2.8-14.5 and 3-197.5 μg kg -1 in the winter and summer crop samples, respectively.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a magnitude dos efeitos diretos e indiretos de parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos sobre a ocorrência de aflatoxinas em grãos de milho armazenados, por meio da análise de trilha. Os dados foram coletados em dois experimentos: um cultivo de inverno (colheita do milho em julho de 2012) e um cultivo de verão (colheita em fevereiro de 2013). Os grãos foram armazenados por 12 meses, em dois tipos de acondicionamentos: em sacarias convencionais de polipropileno e a granel em silo metálico. Avaliaram-se 14 características dos grãos. Calculou-se a matriz de correlações de Pearson entre todos os parâmetros, realizou-se o diagnóstico de multicolinearidade e, posteriormente, aplicou-se a análise de trilha com regressão em crista. Observou-se forte influência das condições ambientais entre as safras de inverno e de verão, e entre época e tipo de armazenagem, nos coeficientes de análise de trilha. As variáveis teor de umidade, conteúdo de cinzas, proteínas, lipídios, grãos sem defeitos, massa volumétrica, incidência de Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. e Fusarium sp. devem ser consideradas conjuntamente na definição da possibilidade de ocorrência de aflatoxinas na massa de grãos armazenados.Termos para indexação: Zea mays, armazenagem, micotoxinas, multicolinearidade. Path analysis of aflatoxin contamination on stored maize kernelsAbstract -The objective of this work was to determine the magnitude of the direct and indirect effects of the physicochemical and microbiological parameters on the occurrence of aflatoxins on stored maize kernels, through path analysis. Data were collected in two experiments: one winter crop (maize harvest in July 2012) and one summer crop (harvest in February 2013). Grains were stored for 12 months in two types of packaging: in conventional polypropylene sacks and bulk storage in metallic silo. Fourteen grain characteristics were evaluated. The matrix of Pearson's correlations was calculated between all parameters, the diagnosis of multicollinearity was performed, and subsequently path analysis was applied with ridge regression. A strong influence of environmental conditions was observed between winter and summer crops, and between season and type of storage, in path analysis coefficients. The variables moisture content, ash, proteins, lipids, undamaged kernels, volumetric weight, incidence of Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Fusarium sp. should be considered together for defining the probability of aflatoxin occurrence in the bulk of stored kernels.

Desde o final de 2019 os mundos vêm sendo acometido pela pandemia do vírus SARS - CoV - 2 causadora da COVID - 19, tendo como consequência, a imposição por parte das autoridades governamentais do distanciamento social. Devido a esse fato, as configurações e os modos de ensinar se redefiniram e o ensino a distância/ remoto tem se mostrado bastante presente em todos os níveis de escolaridade. Diante desse cenário, os professores tiveram que adaptar/reinventar suas práticas pedagógicas.