Donepezil Hydrochloride administered once a day appears to be generally well tolerated and safe in DS adults who have AD. There is some possible efficacy in the treatment of symptoms of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease in this population, although the sample size of this study was too small for statistical significance. It is recommended that donepezil, with the appropriate precautions, should be considered for the treatment of AD in adults with DS as deemed by a specialist.
This paper offers readers a review of the literature on alcohol and illicit drug misuse in people with learning disabilities, focusing on six key areas. First, clarity is provided on the definition of ‘misuse’. Second, prevalence rates are examined along with the methodological difficulties involved in such studies, the authors arguing that prevalence rates are higher than current estimates. Third, the authors explore the relationship between the intra‐ and inter‐personal risk factors. Fourth, the nature of the substance misuse is explored, with a focus on offending behaviour. Fifth, a range of treatment modalities are described with a series of recommendations for more robust evidence‐based interventions. Last, the authors explore the gaps in policy that lead to a dearth in service provision as well the barriers which people with learning disabilities face on entering treatment services. The paper cites four innovative projects that address this population's needs in England, and illustrates how Northern Ireland has positioned the needs of this hidden population within the Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (Northern Ireland).
To explore whether cognitive impairment and global functioning can predict the degree of insight into illness as well as whether insight is mediated by specific symptom dimensions of psychopathology in schizophrenia. A dimensional/cross sectional approach was used. A mixed group of clients (n = 36) were assessed as part of a routine clinical evaluation. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was used as a measure of intellectual performance, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) was used as a measure of general psychopathology while the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale assessed clients' psychosocial functioning; insight was assessed with the Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire (ITAQ). The correlation matrix of all outcome variables was examined; confounding effects of illness duration were tested by partial correlation analyses. GAF correlated with insight (rho = 0.41, P = 0.01) and the interpersonal sensitivity dimension of BSI (rho = -0.38, P = 0.03. Insight correlated positively with the anxiety (rho = 0.38, P = 0.03) and psychoticism (rho = 0.36, P = 0.04) dimensions of BSI. Our results suggest that insight is part of the phenomenology in schizophrenia, not being determined by neurocognitive disturbances. Improved insight was associated with more frequent psychotic symptoms endorsement, higher levels of anxiety and less severe psychopathological symptoms and difficulties in psychosocial functioning; clients with more pronounced difficulties in their personal and social interactions exhibited worse psychosocial functioning and more severe psychopathological symptoms.
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