The problem of the study shows that various Banks suffer from many types of banking risks. This has significantly affected banks' profits. The credit risk is considered to be the major risks to commercial banks. Also, the study aimed to identify the various factors that are affecting credit risk. The study findings shows that there is significant statistical impact of the factors (the efficiency of workers in the banking credit, the instructions of the Central Bank, and the credit policy of the bank) on the credit risks in the Jordanian commercial banks. The study rejected the null hypotheses and accepted the alternative hypotheses for the main hypotheses and three subhypothesis. The study recommended that the central bank should increase their oversight on the credit granted by the commercial banks. Also, the commercial banks should establish a department of risk management, and make diversification in the credit facilities so as to reduce the credit risk.
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the Jordanian banking sector on economic development that was measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It aims to identify the role of the Jordanian banking sector in the support of economic development through the study of the size of the credit facilities offered by banks.The study relied on descriptive and analytic method, as well as on field study. The population of this study represents the working banks in Jordan, which offers various banking services to the customers. The tool of the study include data of credit facilities, banking deposits for Jordanian banking sector, and gross domestic product that were collected from the annual financial status of Jordanian Central Bank for the period (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015).The study found that there is a significant statistical impact of the factors (the deposits of the banking sector, Credit facilities) on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study rejected the null hypothesis and accepted the alternative hypothesis for the two hypotheses. Also, the study recommended that the Jordanian banking sector should expand in the granting of credit facilities to all economic sectors. JEL Classification: G21, G29, E51, A10, E58
Profitability is one of the most important objectives of the banks. It is an evidence of the efficiency of its management and its ability to attract money and investments. The study aimed at investigating the impact of a combination of factors (Assets, Direct credit Facilities, Deposits, Owner's equity, Branches, and Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) on the profitability of banks in Jordan as measured by "Return on Assets" and "Return on Owners' equity." The study used the Eviews program to answer questions about the study and test the hypotheses. The tool for the study was the data variables of the study for the operating banks in Jordan that were collected from the annual financial statement of the Jordanian Central Bank and Association of Banks in Jordan for the period of 2000 to 2015. The study found that there is a significant statistical impact of the factors (Assets, Direct credit Facilities, Deposits, Owner's equity, Branches, ATM) together on the return on assets (ROA). Also, there is a significant statistical impact of the factors (Assets, Direct credit Facilities, Deposits, Owner's equity, Branches, ATM) together on the return on Owners' equity (ROE). It also recommended that the Banks in Jordan should increase diversification in the investment to increase profitability. In addition, this study pointed the need for banks to expand in electronic banking services in order to increase profits and reduce costs.
Financial inclusion implies the possibility for individuals to easily access financial services; this has a major role in supporting small and medium enterprises, economic empowerment of women, supporting economic growth and it is the basis of sustainable development. The purpose of research is to identify the determinants of financial inclusion, the reality of women in Jordan and Arab countries in the labor market, access to financial services, the problems experienced by the economy of Jordan and small and medium enterprises; the qualitative approach is used to investigate the problem of the study. The study concluded that determinates of financial inclusion are: economic variables, physical infrastructure variables and banking variables. Increasing female access to financial services enhances women's financial independence and achievement of economic opportunities. In Jordan the percentage of women’s participation in the labor force is 18.1%, and the percentage of financial inclusion is 26.6%; compared to the global average it is 64.8% and there is a reciprocal relationship between financial inclusion and women’s economic empowerment. The most important recommendations of the study are: it is necessary to eliminate the obstacles of financial inclusion (economic variables, physical infrastructure variables and banking variables), and the Central Bank urges banks to ease the conditions for opening an account and obtaining loans, especially for women and small projects, which contributes to increasing the domestic product and economic growth. Keywords: financial inclusion, economic empowerment of women, SMEs, economic growth, financial inclusion index
The small projects sector suffers from many constraints, especially in terms of the financial side due to weakness in the finance, the problem of the study occurs based on the presence of obstacles in financing small projects by Jordanian Commercial Banks (Banking Obstacles, Small Projects Obstacles, and Governmental Obstacles). Thus, the study seeks to identify those obstacles, and it founded there is a significant statistical impact of the obstacles (Banking obstacles, Small projects Obstacles, Governmental obstacles) on the financing of small projects by Jordanian commercial banks. Also, there is a good statistical relationship between the obstacles (Banking obstacles, Small projects Obstacles, Governmental obstacles) and the financing of small projects by Jordanian commercial bank. The study recommended that the central bank should make laws that force banks to set aside a portion of the loans portfolio to small projects. Also, there is a need for the government to provide support to small projects, specifically in the training of the human resources and in the making of an economic feasibility study.
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