This paper investigates capital structure determinants of New Zealand-listed firms. This study is an extension from previous studies conducted by Boyle andEckhold (1997) and, Wellalage &Locke (2012). Boyle and Eckhold and, Wellalage and Locke examine capital structure choices in New Zealand, especially the debt choices of NZ's corporate firms. Using a balanced-panel of 79 New Zealand-listed firms, this study employs a balanced panel method, using dynamic-panel Instrumental Variable-Generalised Methods of Moments (IV-GMM) as it corrects heteroskedasticity and endogeneity problems which might result in an unbiased and inconsistent estimation. All variables, apart from non-debt tax shields and profitability exhibit a significant impact on total debt. Overall, these variables confirm the trade-off theory,

This paper investigates the impact of corporate governance and intellectual capital on firm performance in Indonesian-listed firms. Using a balanced-panel of 120 Indonesian-listed firms, this study employs a balanced panel method, using non linier IV 2SLS and non linier IV-GMM. All variables, apart from commissioners, directors, education and capital employed efficiency exhibit a non significant impact on Tobins'Q, while all variables are statistically non significant for ROA. The findings are less conclusive than that of previous studies in developed countries. This study provides recent evidence for the corporate governance and intellectual capital in affecting firm peformance of listed-firms in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Though most listed-firms in Indonesia is owned by group or family, the appointment should be strictly complied to the regulations set, as current evidence indicates that independent commissioners and directors have no impact on firm performance, hence an awareness of good corporate governance conduct should be massively disseminated.

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This study attempts to examine the impact of working capital management (WCM) on profitability and examine the working capital conditions of several companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sample used is 135 listed firms and were selected from each sector, such as plantation, pharmaceutical, telecommunication, investment, retail, and the cement and metal industries from 2000 to 2019. The variables employed in this study are working capital investment strategy (WCIS), working capital financing strategy (WCFS), cash conversion cycle (CCC), days sales outstanding (DSO), days inventory outstanding (DIO), days payable outstanding (DPO), debt ratio (DR), size, age, and current ratio (CR). The ordinary least squares (OLS) was employed to analyze the data. The results revealed that the working capital investment approach has a positive and significant effect on return on assets (ROA) in all regression models used; the working capital financing approach has a negative effect on ROA but not significant; the working capital investment approach to the gross profit margin in all models shows a negative and significant coefficient; and the working capital financing approach shows a negative and significant sign for all capital used. Based on the type of industry, companies that use a lot of aggressive working capital investment approaches are the agriculture industry and the infrastructure, utility and transportation industries. Meanwhile, companies that mostly take a conservative working capital investment approach are the consumer goods industry, the basic chemical industry and the miscellaneous industry. Contribution/Originality: This study is one of very few studies that have investigated working capital management on profitability and also examines the working capital conditions of several companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) using considerable and diverse firms as the sample. tenure of current liabilities and choose the right kind of debt that matches the tenure of a firm's assets. Working capital is required for a firm to carry out its daily operations. Working capital is the overall value of a firm's current assets, which are also referred to as gross working capital, and consist of cash, receivables, inventory Asian Economic and Financial Review