the endoscopic findings, and the type of cystography used. In all, 174 cases were used as training samples for the ANN and 87 to validate it. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and the success rate (%) of the system. RESULTSIn the training group the ANN gave a sensitivity of 86.4%, a specificity of 89.5%, a PPV of 76% and NPV of 94%, with a success rate of 88.6%. In the same training group logistic regression (LR) gave respective values of 68.2%, 58.8%, 39%, 82.7% and 61.4%. In the validation group the respective values for the ANN were 71.4%, 81.6%, 58.8%, 88.6% and 78.9%, and in the same validation group the LR gave 64.4%, 50%, 32.1%, 79.2% and 53.9%. The Wilcoxon test confirmed the independence of both methods ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONThe ANN is an effective tool for assisting the urologist in indicating and applying endoscopic treatments for VUR.

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We report a case of a 3-month-old boy with a megaprepuce presented since birth. Certain aspects of the aetiology, denomination, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. We compare our case with the three unique cases published in the literature.

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