After the transition, the crystal totally recovers its crystalline state and diffraction power. The symmetry is reduced from space-group I222 to its subgroup P21212 but the effects of this symmetry breaking on the structure are subtle.

Objectives Currently, patients with persistent moderate-to-severe house dust mite (HDM) allergic rhinitis despite use of symptom-relieving medication can be offered subcutaneously administered allergy immunotherapy (SQ SCIT; Alutard SQ) as standard care of treatment in Denmark. Recently, a HDM sublingually administered allergy immunotherapy tablet (SQ SLIT-tablet; ACARIZAX) has been developed for at-home treatment. The purpose of this analysis is to compare the costs related to treatment and administration of SQ SLIT-tablet and SQ SCIT. Methods Assuming equal efficacy between ther SQ SLIT-tablet and SQ SCIT, the cost-minimization analysis was the most appropriate for the comparison. According to guidelines and Summary of Product Characteristics, the treatment duration of SQ SLIT-tablet is 3 years and 3-5 years for SQ SCIT. The courses of treatment vary among patients and, therefore, the costs of treatment have been calculated for an average patient with HDM respiratory allergic disease (RAD) receiving either SQ SLIT-tablet or SQ SCIT. All costs associated with allergy immunotherapy were collected, i.e., cost of medication, administration and treatment setting, and discounted according to Danish guidelines. Comprehensive univariate sensitivity analyses were carried out. Results The treatment costs for an average patient with HDM RAD are €3094 for SQ SLIT-tablet and €3799 for SQ SCIT; however, when adding indirect costs to the calculations the total costs of the treatments are €3697 and €6717 for SQ SLIT-tablet and SQ SCIT, respectively. Therefore, if 2500 patients with HDM RAD were treated with SQ SLIT-tablet instead of SQ SCIT, it would elicit a saving to the healthcare system of ∼€1.8 million. The conclusion was robust to any changes in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion With regards to the cost of treating Danish patients with HDM RAD, it is clearly cost-saving to treat patients with SQ SLIT-tablet compared to SQ SCIT.

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Casein kinase ll (CK2) is a serine/threonine kinase and widely distributed in various tissues. CK2 predominantly exists in the form of heterotetramer composed of two catalytic subunits (CK2alpha or CK2alpha prime) and two regulatory subunits (CK2beta). Recently, the CK2alpha inhibition has been revealed to prevent the progression of glomerulonephritis. On the other hand, inhibition of CK2alpha prime in testis affect the spermatogenesis. In order to develop of novel CK2 inhibitor for nephritis, we determined the first structure of CK2alpha prime complexed with a potent inhibitor and compared with the structure of CK2alpha. The crystal structure of a C-terminal deletion mutant of human Ck2alpha prime was solved and refined to 3.2 Å resolution. Two isozymes, CK2alpha and CK2alpha prime, reveal the high similarity of the overall structure. The largest structural difference between CK2alpha prime and human Ck2alpha occurs at the loop connecting the strands beta 4 and beta 5. The corresponding region belongs on one hand to the CK2alpha/ CK2beta interface in the holoenzyme and on the other hand to the catalytic core, which is structurally highly conserved among the eukaryotic protein kinases. This observation is consistent with the growing evidence that CK2alpha prime and CK2alpha may possess the difference of the relation in vivo with CK2beta and the substrate recognition.

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