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Phytofabricated green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using different plant extracts of Azadirachta indica, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Murraya koenigii, Moringa oleifera, and Tamarindus indica for biological applications has been reported. ZnO nanoparticles were also synthesized by chemical method to compare the efficiency of the green synthesized nanoparticles. FT-IR spectra confirmed the functional groups involved in the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and the powder XRD patterns of the ZnO nanoparticles revealed pure wurtzite structure with preferred orientation at (100) reflection plane. SEM and TEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles with the particle size between 54 and 27 nm. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by five different free radical scavenging assays. The present study also intends to screen α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using natural sources, which may minimize the toxicity and side effects of the inhibitors used to control diabetes. The ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using T. indica extract displayed remarkable antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

A series of homoleptic bis(terpyridine)copper(ii) complexes of the type [Cu(L(1-5))2]Cl2 (), where L(1-5) = 4'-(4-substituted)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridines, have been synthesized and characterized. The molecular structure of complex was confirmed by the single crystal XRD technique, and the geometry of the complexes is best described as distorted octahedral. Structural parameters from the crystallographic and DFT studies are in good agreement with each other. The small HOMO-LUMO energy gap supports bioefficacy of the complexes. DNA binding studies show high intrinsic binding constant values 1.53 ± 0.15, 1.62 ± 0.08 and 3.09 ± 0.12 × 10(5) M(-1) for complexes , and , respectively, with intercalative mode of binding to CT-DNA. The binding results were further supported by molecular docking studies. The experimental results indicate that the interaction between the complexes and BSA protein involves a static quenching mechanism. The molecular docking studies with c-Met tyrosine kinase receptors show hydrophobic and π-π interactions. All the complexes bring about hydroxyl radical mediated DNA cleavage in the presence of H2O2. In vitro cytotoxicities of the complexes () were tested against three cancerous cell lines, namely human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), epithelioma (Hep-2) and cervical (HeLa) cell lines, and one non-tumorigenic human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cell line by MTT reduction assay. The morphological assessment data obtained using Hoechst 33258 staining revealed that complex induces apoptosis much more effectively than the other complexes.

The thiosemicarbazone-based copper(i) complexes causing S phase arrest and apoptosis involving the mitochondrial controlled pathway has been investigated.