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Base surge velocity. , x y  Surge velocity through line (x,y). W Set of branch weights in graph G. (x,y) Branch between nodes x and y.

Abstract. The hadronic shift in pionic hydrogen has been redetermined to be 1s = 7.086 ± 0.007(stat) ± 0.006(sys) eV by X-ray spectroscopy of ground state transitions applying various energy calibration schemes. The experiment was performed at the high-intensity low-energy pion beam of the Paul Scherrer Institut by using the cyclotron trap and an ultimate-resolution Bragg spectrometer with bent crystals.

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