An approach of reducing Mutual Coupling between two patch antennas is proposed in this paper. Here, a meander line resonator is placed in between the radiating elements. By inserting the meander line resonator between the patch antennas with the edge-to-edge distance less than λ/18, about 8 dB reduction of Mutual Coupling throughout the 10-dB bandwidth has been achieved without degrading the radiation pattern. The circuit model of the proposed configuration is carried out in this paper. The envelope correlation coefficient investigation has been done and the results are presented. The proposed structure has been fabricated and measured.

Production of allohexaploid Brassica (2n = AABBCC) is a promising goal for plant breeders due to the potential for hybrid heterosis and useful allelic contributions from all three of the Brassica genomes present in the cultivated diploid (2n = AA, 2n = BB, 2n = CC) and allotetraploid (2n = AABB, 2n = AACC, and 2n = BBCC) crop species (canola, cabbages, mustards). We used highthroughput SNP molecular marker assays, flow cytometry, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to characterize a population of putative allohexaploids derived from self-pollination of a hybrid from the novel cross (B. napus 3 B. carinata) 3 B. juncea to investigate whether fertile, stable allohexaploid Brassica can be produced. Allelic segregation in the A and C genomes generally followed Mendelian expectations for an F 2 population, with minimal nonhomologous chromosome pairing. However, we detected no strong selection for complete 2n = AABBCC chromosome complements, with weak correlations between DNA content and fertility (r 2 = 0.11) and no correlation between missing chromosomes or chromosome segments and fertility. Investigation of next-generation progeny resulting from one highly fertile F 2 plant using FISH revealed general maintenance of high chromosome numbers but severe distortions in karyotype, as evidenced by recombinant chromosomes and putative loss/duplication of A-and C-genome chromosome pairs. Our results show promise for the development of meiotically stable allohexaploid lines, but highlight the necessity of selection for 2n = AABBCC karyotypes.T HE Brassica genus contains the largest number of cultivated crop species of any plant genus (Dixon 2007). Six major crop species are B. rapa (Chinese cabbage, turnip), B. oleracea (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli), B. nigra (black mustard), B. napus (canola, rapeseed), B. juncea (Indian mustard, leaf mustard), and B. carinata (Ethiopian mustard). These six species share a unique genomic relationship: progenitor diploid species B. rapa (2n = AA), B. oleracea (2n = CC), and B. nigra (2n = BB) gave rise to the allotetraploid species B. juncea (2n = AABB), B. napus (2n = AACC), and B. carinata (2n = BBCC) through pairwise crosses (Morinaga 1934;U 1935). However, despite the fact that each pair of genomes coexists in an allotetraploid species, no naturally occurring allohexaploid species (2n = AABBCC) exists. In general, interspecific hybridization and polyploidy in plants are potent evolutionary mechanisms, allowing formation of new species with adaptation to a wider range of climatic conditions and greater "hybrid vigor" than their progenitor species (Otto and Whitton 2000;Leitch and Leitch 2008). Hence, production of an artificial allohexaploid in the agriculturally important Brassica genus could potentially give rise to new crop types with greater intersubgenomic heterosis ) and tolerance of a wider range of environmental conditions than preexisting Brassica crops (Chen et al. 2011).

Abstract-The present paper analyses and documents the merits of incorporating fractal design in microstrip antenna intended to be mounted on and integrated into the design of smart vehicles. A novel design is proposed for a compact tri-band hexagonal microstrip antenna to be integrated with the body of a smart vehicle for short range communication purpose in an Intelligent Transport System (ITS). This antenna can be used at 1.575 GHz of GPS L1 band for vehicle to roadside communication, at 3.71 GHz of mobile WiMAX band (IEEE 802.16e-2005) for blind spot detection and at 5.9 GHz of DSRC band (IEEE 802.11p) for vehicle to vehicle communication. At 3.71 GHz, the two major lobes of the antenna radiation beam, tilted by 35 • on both sides from its broadside direction, help the vehicle to detect blind spots efficiently. The largest dimension of the proposed antenna corresponds to the lowest resonating frequency, 1.575 GHz. Compared to the conventional hexagonal patch, the modified Sierpinski fractal proposed herein reduces the overall area, at 1.575 GHz, by 75%, with 5.2 dBi gain. In comparison with other popular fractals, the proposed fractal structure achieves demonstrably better antenna miniaturization. When the antenna is mounted on the vehicle, considered an electromagnetically larger object, the simulated and on-vehicle experimental results show antenna gains of more than 5.5 dBi at 1.575 GHz, 8 dBi at 3.71 GHz and 9 dBi at 5.9 GHz in the desired direction with negligible amount of electromagnetic interference inside the car.