Chitosan can be obtained from chitin isolated from shrimp waste through the process of deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan can be used as a patch base material because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability, and has antibacterial activity. The combination of Chitosan and Aloe vera extracts may be useful in patch dosage forms as wound dressings that have antiinfective activity. The research methods was laboratory experimental which consists of : chitosan was obtained from shell waste sequentially by deproteinisation, demineralisation, and deacetylation processes, and analyzed its characteristic, respectivel; Aloe vera gel was extraction by maceration methods using ethanol as solvent; patches were formulated using 2 % chitosan in 1.5 % glacial acetic acid, 1.6 % Aloe vera extracts and 10 % glycerin and evaluated its physical propoperties, skin iritation test, and antibacterial test against S.aureus. The results showed that percentage yield of chitosan was 32.67%, with characteristics; Its viscosity 93.33 cps, pH 4, 30 % deacetylation degree. Percentage yield of Aloe vera extract was 22.73%, containing acemannan, and had antibacterial activity against S.aureus. The result of patch evaluation showed that the thickness of patch was 0.45 mm, 114 times folding endurance, moisture uptake of 45.03%, moisture content of 23.64%, safe to use, and diameter of inhibition zone was 6.39 mm against S.aureus. So, combination of Aloe vera and Chitosan from shrimp shell as patch may use as antiinfection wound healing. Keywords : Aloe vera L.; chitosan; wound dressing; patch; shrimp shell waste
Abstract. Acid mine water is water that has a low pH (pH<5) which contains various dissolved metals such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and other sulfate compounds. Acid mine water has an impact in the form of environmental pollution, so it is necessary to handle Acid Mine Drainage using activated carbon so that it does not affect the surrounding environment. The research method used in this study is the active method by mixing activated carbon into 6 settling ponds, it aims to be able to determine the effect of activated carbon on settling ponds in the form of pH and Fe and Mn levels based on standard water quality standards.The rate of decrease in Fe metal content and Mn metal content after mixing using activated charcoal was 76,0% for Fe metal content and 18,60% for Mn metal content. The need for activated carbon for 31 days for the purpose of neutralizing acid mine water is 154790,8 kg/liter. Abstrak. Air asam tambang merupakan air yang memiliki pH rendah (pH<5) yang mengandung berbagai logam terlarut seperti besi (Fe), mangan (Mn), serta senyawa sulfat lainnya. Air asam tambang menimbulkan dampak berupa terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan sehingga perlu dilakukannya penanganan air asam tambang dengan menggunakan Karbon aktif sehingga tidak mempengaruhi lingkungan sekitar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode aktif dengan cara mencampurkan Karbon aktif kedalam 6 kolam pengendapan, hal tersebut bertujuan untuk dapat mengetahui pengaruh karbon aktif pada kolam pengendapan berupa pH serta kadar Fe dan Mn dengan berdasarkan standar nilai baku mutu air. Laju penurunan kadar logam Fe dan kadar logam Mn setelah pencampuran dengan menggunakan Karbon aktif yaitu sebesar 76,0% untuk kadar logam Fe dan 18,60 % untuk kadar logam Mn. Kebutuhan karbon aktif selama 31 hari untuk keperluan penetralan air asam tambang sebesar 154790,8 kg/liter.
This research focuses on developing an Android-based cattle identification system that is applicable and easy to use. This system uses a Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm to extract features from the muzzle images, and Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm to eliminate features incompatibility. The system is experimented with four threshold values, i.e. 10, 15, 20, and 30 using a total data of 460 muzzle images. In the first experiment, 3 images from each individual are used in the training stage and 2 images are used as the data test. In the second experiment, 5 images from each cattle are used in the training stage and 5 images are used as the data test. Data used in training stage are 244 images and in testing stage is 816 images. From the experiment, the highest accuracy rate is 98.1% with threshold values of 15 and 20. The execution time is also calculated to measure the processing time of the system. The average time taken to store an image to the database is 1.3 seconds. The main contribution of this research is technology implementation and more portable muzzle identification for local cattle in Makassar.
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