Non-Markovian open quantum system approach to the early Universe: Damping of gravitational waves by matter

Zarei, Moslem; Bartolo, N.; Bertacca, Daniele; Matarrese, S.; Ricciardone, Angelo

doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.083508

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In the case of Markovian processes, where the influence of the environment on the system is negligible, JCAP04(2024)069 the QBE can be formulated as a Master Equation. Consequently, the time evolution of the density matrix elements can be described by a set of differential equations, as follows [42] (2π…”

Section: Time Evolution Of the Photon Stokes Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induced circular polarization on photons due to interaction with axion-like particles in rotating magnetic field of neutron stars

Sharifian,

Zarei,

Matarrese

et al. 2024

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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We investigate how the photon polarization is affected by the interaction with axion-like particles (ALPs) in the rotating magnetic field of a neutron star (NS). Using quantum Boltzmann equations the study demonstrates that the periodic magnetic field of millisecond NSs enhances the interaction of photons with ALPs and creates a circular polarization on them. A binary system including an NS and a companion star could serve as a probe. When the NS is in front of the companion star with respect to the earth observer, there is a circular polarization on the previously linearly polarized photons as a result of the interaction with ALPs there. After a half-binary period, the companion star passes in front of the NS, and the circular polarization of photons disappears and changes to linear. The excluded parameter space for a millisecond NS with 300 Hz rotating frequency, highlights the coupling constant of 1.7 × 10-11 GeV-1 ≤ gaγγ ≤ 1.6 × 10-3 GeV-1 for the ALP masses in the range of 7 × 10-12 eV ≤ ma ≤ 1.5 × 103 eV.

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Section: Time Evolution Of the Photon Stokes Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 illustrates the two Feynman diagrams associated with such process. The effective interaction Hamiltonian is found through the S-matrix operator associated with this process [42,43] S (2)…”

Section: Time Evolution Of the Photon Stokes Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced circular polarization on photons due to interaction with axion-like particles in rotating magnetic field of neutron stars

Sharifian,

Zarei,

Matarrese

et al. 2024

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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“…We first review the well-established theory of the dynamics of gravitational and matter perturbations in the early Universe in application to the coupling of gravitational waves and relativistic species (of any spin). Gravitational waves also interact with other types of matter, including relativistic axions [90,91], nonrelativistic and collisional matter [92][93][94][95], and vector fields [96][97][98][99]; some of these scenarios are not captured by the kinetic theory treatment we review. We neglect any chemical potential that would be requisite to describe, e.g., chiral fermions and polarized gravitational waves [100][101][102][103][104].…”

Section: Gravitational Waves and Relativistic Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing neutrino interactions and dark radiation with gravitational waves

Loverde

Weiner

2023

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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After their generation, cosmological backgrounds of gravitational waves propagate nearly freely but for the expansion of the Universe and the anisotropic stress of free-streaming particles. Primordial signals — both that from inflation and the infrared spectrum associated to subhorizon production mechanisms — would carry clean information about the cosmological history of these effects. We study the modulation of the standard damping of gravitational waves by free-streaming radiation due to the decoupling (or recoupling) of interactions. We focus on nonstandard neutrino interactions in effect after the decoupling of weak interactions as well as more general scenarios in the early Universe involving other light relics. We develop semianalytic results in fully free-streaming scenarios to provide intuition for numerical results that incorporate interaction rates with a variety of temperature dependencies. Finally, we compute the imprint of neutrino interactions on the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background, and we comment on other means to infer the presence of such effects at higher frequencies.

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“…Now, following the approach of Refs. [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76], and using ( 3) and ( 6), the effective interaction Hamiltonian H 0 int (t) in Fourier space can be rewritten as follows…”

Section: Effective Interaction Hamiltonian and The Density Matrix Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, QBE has been used to calculate the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation and decoherence times associated with fermions under the effect of a constant and an oscillating magnetic field [75]. Additionally, the non-Markovian QBE was recently applied to investigate the damping of gravitational waves propagating in a medium consisting of decoupled ultra-relativistic neutrinos [76].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axion-like dark matter detection using Stern–Gerlach interferometer

et al. 2023

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Quantum sensors based on the superposition of neutral atoms are promising for sensing the nature of dark matter (DM). In this study, we utilize the Stern–Gerlach (SG) interferometer configuration to seek a novel method for the detection of axion-like particles (ALPs). Using an SG interferometer, we create a spatial quantum superposition of neutral atoms such as $$^{3}$$ 3 He and $$^{87}$$ 87 Rb. It is shown that the interaction of ALPs with this superposition induces a relative phase between superposed quantum components. We use the quantum Boltzmann equation (QBE) to introduce a first-principles analysis that describes the temporal evolution of the sensing system. The QBE approach employs quantum field theory (QFT) to highlight the role of the quantum nature of the interactions with the quantum systems. The resulting exclusion area demonstrates that our scheme allows for the exclusion of a range of ALP mass in the range $$10^{-10}\le m_{a}\le 10^{2}\,\textrm{eV}$$ 10 - 10 ≤ m a ≤ 10 2 eV and ALP-atom coupling constant in the range $$10^{-13}\le g_{ae}\le 10^{0}$$ 10 - 13 ≤ g ae ≤ 10 0 .

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Non-Markovian open quantum system approach to the early Universe: Damping of gravitational waves by matter

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Induced circular polarization on photons due to interaction with axion-like particles in rotating magnetic field of neutron stars

Induced circular polarization on photons due to interaction with axion-like particles in rotating magnetic field of neutron stars

Probing neutrino interactions and dark radiation with gravitational waves

Axion-like dark matter detection using Stern–Gerlach interferometer

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