Breed effects and retained heterosis for growth, carcass, and meat traits in advanced generations of composite populations of beef cattle

Abstract

Cundiff, L.V.; Koch, R.M.; Koohmaraie, M.; and Dikeman, Michael E. (1994) "Breed effects and retained heterosis for growth, carcass, and meat traits in advanced generations of composite populations of beef cattle," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 0: Iss. 1. https://doi.org/10. 4148/2378-5977.2084 Breed effects and retained heterosis for growth, carcass, and meat traits in advanced generations of composite populations of beef cattle AbstractRetained heterosis for growth, carcass, and meat traits was estimated in F3 generation steer progeny in three composite populations finished on two levels of dietary energy density (2.82 MCal ME and 3.07 MCal ME, and 11.5 % CP) and serially slaughtered at four endpoints at intervals of 20 to 22 days. Breed effects were evaluated in the nine parental breeds of Red Poll (RP), Hereford (H), Angus (A), Limousin (L), Braunvieh (B), Pinzgauer (P), Gelbvieh (G) , Simmental (S), and Charolais (C) that contributed to the three "˜composite' populations. MARC-I was l/4 B, l/4 C, l/4 L, l/8 H, and l/8 A; MARC-II was l/4 G, l/4 S, l/4 H, and l/4 A; and MARC-III was l/4 RP, l/4 P, l/4 H, and l/4 A. Breed effects were important for growth traits; carcass traits; and retail product, fat trim and bone percentages, and weights. Even though mean slaughter weight was 126.6 lb heavier for Simmental, Gelbvieh and Charolais breeds, they did not differ from Limousins in retail product weight because of their lower dressing percentages, higher fat trim percentages, and higher bone percentages. The effects of dietary energy density were important for most traits, and little interaction occurred between breed group and dietary energy density. The MARC-III composite had lighter final and carcass weights, a lower percentage of retail product, a higher percentage of fat trim, and a higher percentage of ribeye fat than the MARC-I composite, with the MARC-II composite being generally intermediate. Retained heterosis generally was significant for each composite population and for the mean of the three composite populations for weight of retail product, fat trim, and bone. For percentage of retail product and fat trim, MARC-II and MARC-III composites had a lower percentage of retail product and a higher percentage of fat trim than the mean of the contributing breeds. Composite populations or breeds provide an opportunity to use breed differences to achieve and maintain optimum additive genetic composition for carcass composition traits and to use heterosis to increase lean tissue growth rate and(or) to increase rate of fat deposition. Retained heterosis for growth, carcass, and meat traits was estimated in F 3 generation steer progeny in three composite populations finished on two levels of dietary energy density (2.82 MCal ME and 3.07 MCal ME, and 11.5 % CP) and serially

Association of a missense mutation in the bovine leptin gene with carcass fat content and leptin mRNA levels

“…The British breeds have a higher frequency of the thymine allele whereas the continental breeds have a higher preponderance of the C allele. British breeds (Angus and Hereford) are characterized by their early maturity as compared to continental breeds (Charolais and Simmental), giving them the capacity to carry more fat at a younger age [10].…”

Association of a missense mutation in the bovine leptin gene with carcass fat content and leptin mRNA levels

“…The British breeds have a higher frequency of the thymine allele whereas the continental breeds have a higher preponderance of the C allele. British breeds (Angus and Hereford) are characterized by their early maturity as compared to continental breeds (Charolais and Simmental), giving them the capacity to carry more fat at a younger age [10].…”

Genetic variation in the pro‐melanin‐concentrating hormone gene affects carcass traits in Bos taurus cattle

“…Continental breeds, including Charolais and Simmental, are thought to be leaner than their British (Angus and Hereford) counterparts. Gregory et al. (1994) found that Angus and Hereford cattle had greater fat depth on average than Simmental and Charolais cattle.…”

Association analyses of a SNP in the promoter of IGF1 with fat deposition and carcass merit traits in hybrid, Angus and Charolais beef cattle

“…The three unrelated populations used in this study represent different biological types. In comparison to the hybrid and Charolais breeds, Angus has greater fat depth on average (Table 1), presumably due to the early maturity in Angus, which allows the steers to produce more fat at a younger age (Gregory et al. 1994).…”

Association of a missense mutation in the bovine leptin gene with carcass fat content and leptin mRNA levels

“…The British breeds have a higher frequency of the thymine allele whereas the continental breeds have a higher preponderance of the C allele. British breeds (Angus and Hereford) are characterized by their early maturity as compared to continental breeds (Charolais and Simmental), giving them the capacity to carry more fat at a younger age [10].…”

Genetic variation in the pro‐melanin‐concentrating hormone gene affects carcass traits in Bos taurus cattle

“…Continental breeds, including Charolais and Simmental, are thought to be leaner than their British (Angus and Hereford) counterparts. Gregory et al. (1994) found that Angus and Hereford cattle had greater fat depth on average than Simmental and Charolais cattle.…”

Association analyses of a SNP in the promoter of IGF1 with fat deposition and carcass merit traits in hybrid, Angus and Charolais beef cattle

“…The three unrelated populations used in this study represent different biological types. In comparison to the hybrid and Charolais breeds, Angus has greater fat depth on average (Table 1), presumably due to the early maturity in Angus, which allows the steers to produce more fat at a younger age (Gregory et al. 1994).…”

Association of a missense mutation in the bovine leptin gene with carcass fat content and leptin mRNA levels

“…The British breeds have a higher frequency of the thymine allele whereas the continental breeds have a higher preponderance of the C allele. British breeds (Angus and Hereford) are characterized by their early maturity as compared to continental breeds (Charolais and Simmental), giving them the capacity to carry more fat at a younger age [10].…”

Genetic variation in the pro‐melanin‐concentrating hormone gene affects carcass traits in Bos taurus cattle

“…Continental breeds, including Charolais and Simmental, are thought to be leaner than their British (Angus and Hereford) counterparts. Gregory et al. (1994) found that Angus and Hereford cattle had greater fat depth on average than Simmental and Charolais cattle.…”

Association analyses of a SNP in the promoter of IGF1 with fat deposition and carcass merit traits in hybrid, Angus and Charolais beef cattle

“…The three unrelated populations used in this study represent different biological types. In comparison to the hybrid and Charolais breeds, Angus has greater fat depth on average (Table 1), presumably due to the early maturity in Angus, which allows the steers to produce more fat at a younger age (Gregory et al. 1994).…”