β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) is an oligosaccharide composed of seven units of D-(+)-glucopyranose joined by α-1,4 bonds, which is obtained from starch. Its singular trunk conical shape organization, with a well-defined cavity, provides an adequate environment for several types of molecules to be included. Complexation changes the properties of the guest molecules and can increase their stability and bioavailability, protecting against degradation, and reducing their volatility. Thanks to its versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, β-CD is widespread in many research and industrial applications. In this review, we summarize the role of β-CD and its derivatives in the textile industry. First, we present some general physicochemical characteristics, followed by its application in the areas of dyeing, finishing, and wastewater treatment. The review covers the role of β-CD as an auxiliary agent in dyeing, and as a matrix for dye adsorption until chemical modifications are applied as a finishing agent. Finally, new perspectives about its use in textiles, such as in smart materials for microbial control, are presented.

ResumoEsta pesquisa teve como foco a adaptação da escala validada de Estratégias de Aprendizagem, voltada ao ensino fundamental, de forma que possibilitasse o levantamento de evidências de validade fatorial para seu emprego no ensino técnico-profissional. Também visou levantar as estratégias de aprendizagem empregadas por esses alunos. Participaram 709 estudantes do ensino técnico-profissional, provenientes de uma instituição privada e outra pública federal. Por meio dos resultados apresentados, foi possível evidenciar a validade do instrumento que confirmou a estrutura de três fatores na análise fatorial exploratória, apontada em estudos anteriores. Os alfas de Cronbach da escala toda (0,74), subescalas Ausência de Estratégias de Aprendizagem (0,77) e Estratégias Cognitivas (0,73) foram considerados aceitáveis com exceção a subescala de Estratégias Metacognitivas (0,57). O estudo também apontou que parte significativa dos estudantes relata recorrer às estratégias de aprendizagem, sobretudo a utilização de estratégias cognitivas. Os dados foram discutidos à luz das implicações psicoeducacionais. Palavras-chave: análise fatorial, ensino profissionalizante, aprendizagem, estratégias de aprendizagem cognitivas, estratégias de aprendizagem metacognitivas Learning Strategies in Vocational Technical Education AbstractThis research focuses on the adaptation of the validated scale of Learning Strategies, aimed at primary school, so that it would enable raising factorial validity evidence for its use in professional technical education. We also sought to assess the learning strategies employed by these students. 709 students participated in the vocational technical education from a private institution and other of federal government. Through the results, it was possible to demonstrate the validity of the instrument that confirmed the three-factor structure in the exploratory factor analysis, pointed out in previous studies. The Cronbach alphas for the whole scale (.74), subscales Lack of Learning Strategies (.77) and Cognitive Strategies (.73) were acceptable except for the Metacognitive Strategies subscale (.57). The study also found that a significant proportion of students reported use of learning strategies, especially the use of cognitive strategies. The data were discussed in the light of psych educational implications. Keywords: factor analysis; professional technical education, learning, cognitive learning strategies, metacognitive learning strategies Estrategias de Aprendizaje en la Enseñanza Técnico ProfesionalResumen Esta investigación se centró en la adaptación de la escala de Estrategias de Aprendizaje, dirigida a la enseñanza primaria, de forma que posibilitase el levantamiento de evidencias de validez factorial para su uso en la enseñanza técnico profesional. También intentó verificar las estrategias de aprendizaje empleadas por esos alumnos. Participaron 709 estudiantes de enseñanza técnico profesional, provenientes de una institución privada y otra pública. A través de los resultados, fue posible evidenc...

The aim of this work was to study the production of comfortable cotton plain-weave fabrics with antibacterial and antifungal characteristics through a simple finishing process, which consists in applying microcapsules of phase change materials (mPCM), monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD) and thyme oil. The fabrics were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Contact Angle and Infrared Thermography. The thyme oil release was also analyzed, as well as the antibacterial and antifungal activity. The materials treated with 20 L/mL of thyme oil have shown anomalous oil release mechanisms, according to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, and activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Trichophyton rubrum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Therefore, it was reached the conclusion that mPCM, conjugated with thyme oil encapsulated in MCT-β-CD, proved to be an interesting option to produce materials possessing thermoregulation properties with putative clinical relevance for the prevention of infections, particularly dermatophytosis. Keywords cotton; thyme oil; monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin; phase change materials; antifungal; antibacterial.

ResumoA presente pesquisa visou levantar evidências de validade relativa à análise da estrutura interna dos itens de uma escala de estilos de aprendizagem, bem como identificar os estilos de aprendizagem desses alunos. Participaram 565 alunos dos 3° ao 9° anos do ensino fundamental público do estado do Paraná. Utilizou-se uma Escala de Avaliação de Estilos de Aprendizagem, com 80 itens, aplicada coletivamente. A análise fatorial, por componentes principais e com rotação varimax, indicou estrutura de quatro Dimensões para a escala. As Dimensões se agruparam da seguinte forma: Dimensão 1 -Condições ambientais e condições pessoais, com 22 itens; Dimensão 2 -Condições sociais, com 11 itens; Dimensão 3 -Condições instrumentais, com 11 itens e Dimensão 4 -Condições de atividade; os itens desta dimensão não se agruparam do modo esperado, por isso novos estudos deverão ser realizados, visando o refinamento do instrumento. As condições ambientais e pessoais foram os estilos predominantes nesta amostra. Palavras-chave:Aprendizagem; estilos cognitivos; avaliação psicológica. Learning styles measurement for Elementary Education AbstractThis research aimed to collect evidence of validity on the analysis of the internal structure of items in a range of learning styles and to identify learning styles of these students. About 565 students in the 3rd to the 9th years of elementary school public participated in the state of Paraná.We used a Learning Styles Assessment Scale with 80 items, applied collectively. Factor analysis by principal and varimax rotation components, are divided in four structure dimensions for scale. The dimensions are grouped as follows: Dimension 1 -Environmental conditions and personal, with 22 items; Dimension 2 -Social conditions, with 11 items; Dimension 3 -instrumental conditions, with 11 items and size 4 -Conditions of activity; the items in this dimension not grouped in the expected manner, so further studies should be conducted, aimed to refining the instrument.Environmental and personal conditions were the predominant styles in this sample.Keywords: Learning; Cognitive styles; Psychological assessment. Medida de estilos de aprendizaje para la enseñanza fundamental ResumenLa presente investigación tuvo por objetivo levantar evidencias de validad relativa al análisis de la estructura interna de los ítems de una escala de estilos de aprendizaje, así como identificar los estilos de aprendizaje de esos alumnos. Participaron 565 alumnos de los 3 er al 9° curso de la enseñanza básica pública del estado de Paraná. Se utilizó una Escala de Evaluación de Estilos de Aprendizaje, con 80 ítems, aplicada colectivamente. El análisis factorial, por componentes principales y con rotación varimax, indicó estructura de cuatro Dimensiones para la escala.Las Dimensiones se agruparon de la siguiente forma: Dimensión 1 -Condiciones ambientales y condiciones personales, con 22 ítems; Dimensión 2 -Condiciones sociales, con 11 ítems; Dimensión 3 -Condiciones instrumentales, con 11 ítems y Dimensión 4 -Condiciones de activid...

The use of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF) such as HKUST-1 in textiles is an alternative with regard to the development of technologies that are increasingly seeking for functionalities, mainly in the fields of health and hygiene, named biofunctional fabrics. However, the application of the MOF under the surface of the wool fiber can lead to a low durability finish due to its low fixation. Thus, this project aims to perform the direct synthesis of HKUST in the wool fiber, so that a product with good washing durability can be obtained. The purpose of this study was to incorporate metal-organic frameworks, composed of copper and trimesic acid, into woolen fabrics, to improve the antibacterial properties. The synthesis was performed directly in the wool fabric, at time intervals of 24 and 48 h. The resulting fabrics were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and colorimetric analysis (CIElab), and the Antimicrobial Activity Test (American Association of Textile Chemist and Colourists - AATCC Test Method 61-2007-2A) was performed. The results suggested that the application produced textiles with antibacterial properties, showing activity against Escherichia coli.

Antimicrobial cotton was developed with silver zeolites (SZs). Three different application approaches for the cotton surface functionalization were followed: (1) SZ alone, (2) SZ combined with chitosan film, and (3) chitosan-zeolite (CS-SZ) composites previously synthesized by a gelation process with sodium tripolyphosphate. All finishes were applied to the textile materials through conventional pad-dry-cure processes, and the obtained results were then compared. The resulting materials were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, IR thermography, and contact angle measurements, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated. The results suggest that the application of CS-SZ should be recommended for the production of textiles with antibacterial properties because the materials showed activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton rubrum. In addition, the finishing can be combined with the application of microcapsules of phase-change materials to obtain textiles with thermoregulating properties.

Este é um artigo de acesso aberto, licenciado por Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), sendo permitidas reprodução, adaptação e distribuição desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados. Resumo:A presente pesquisa objetivou investigar as estratégias de ensino utilizadas pelos professores, bem como as bases teóricas utilizadas no processo. E, como desdobramento, buscou-se conhecer as estratégias de aprendizagem e os aspectos motivacionais apresentados pelos alunos do ensino Fundamental 1. O método para a análise dos dados foi o descritivo, com delineamentos de levantamento e correlacional. Participaram da pesquisa 348 crianças entre 6 e 13 anos de duas escolas municipais do norte do Paraná e seus respectivos professores. Os dados foram coletados por meio da Escala de Estratégias de Aprendizagem, Escala de Motivação de Estudantes do Ensino Fundamental e questionário sobre as Estratégias de Ensino do Professor. Os resultados demonstraram que alunos mais novos recorrem ao uso de Estratégias e mantêm comportamento semelhante aos demais quanto ao continuum motivacional. Professores que incentivam o uso sistemático das estratégias contribuem com a manutenção de uma boa qualidade motivacional dos estudantes.Palavras-chave: estratégias de ensino, estratégias de aprendizagem, motivação no contexto escolar.Abstract: This study had the objective of investigating the teaching strategies used by teachers, as well as the theoretical basis used in the process. As its development, it aimed at knowing the learning strategies and the motivational aspects presented by the students of the first grade elementary school. The method for data analysis was the descriptive with survey and correlational outlines. A number of 348 children between 6 and 13 years old and their teachers from two public schools in the north of Paraná participated in this study. Data had been collected through the Learning Strategies Scale, Elementary School Students' Motivation Scale and a questionnaire on Teachers' Teaching Strategies. Results showed that younger students appeal to use Strategies and maintain behavior similar to others about the motivational continuum. Teachers who encourage the systematic use of strategies contribute to maintain a good motivational quality of students.

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