Wrapped omentum with periosteum concurrent with adipose derived adult stem cells for bone tissue engineering in dog model

Abstract

Adipose derived adult stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent cells that are able to differentiate into osteoblasts in presence of certain factors. The histological characteristics of periosteum makes it a specific tissue with a unique capacity to be engineered. Higher flexibility of the greater omentum is useful for reconstructive surgery. These criteria make it suitable for tissue engineering. The present study was designed to evaluate bone tissue engineering with periosteal free graft concurrent with ASCs and pedicle omentum in dog model. Twelve young female indigenous dogs were used in this experiment. In omental group (n = 4), end of omentum was wrapped by periosteum of the radial bone in abdomen of each dog. In omental-autogenously ASCs group (n = 4), 1 ml of ASCs was injected into the wrapped omentum with periosteum while in omental-allogenously ASCs group (n = 4), 1 ml of allogenous ASCs was injected. Lateral view radiographs were taken from the abdominal cavity postoperatively at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks post-surgery. Eight weeks after operation the dogs were re-anesthetized and the wrapped omenum by periosteum in all groups was found and removed for histopathological evaluation. Our results showed that omentum-periosteum, omental-periosteum-autogenous ASCs and omental-periosteum-allogenous ASCs groups demonstrated bone tissue formation in the abdominal cavity in dog model. The radiological, macroscopical and histological findings of the present study by the end of 8 weeks post-surgery indicate bone tissue engineering in all three groups in an equal level. The present study has shown that the wrapped omentum with periosteum concurrent with ASCs (autogenous or allogenous ASCs) lead to a favorable bone tissue formation. We suggested that it may be useful when pedicle graft omentum used concurrent with periosteum in the bone defect reconstruction, and this phenomenon should be studied in future.

Effects of concurrent use of royal jelly with hydroxyapatite on bone healing in rabbit model: radiological and histopathological evaluation

“…This unorganized and undesirable bone repair in the control group was due to the inadequate chondrification at the defected site and the replacement with fibrous tissue. Discrete cartilaginous structure in the defected region resulted in the fibrocartilage formation between fractured fragments, which disturbed the bone healing process [ 19 ].…”

Periosteum and development of the tissue-engineered periosteum for guided bone regeneration

“…PDCs have the strongest osteogenic differentiation potential, while BMSCs have relatively weak ability for osteogenesis. Although the osteogenic capacity of AMSCs is also relatively weak, these cells have been widely used because of their favourable characteristics such as easy isolation, relative abundance, rapid expansion, and multipotency [ 64 , 65 ]. Meanwhile, addition of endotheliocytes can promote the formation of microvessels during periosteum-mediated bone repair [ 66 ], and vascular pericytes have the same potential in tissue engineering.…”

In Vivo Bone Tissue Engineering Strategies: Advances and Prospects

“…Similarly, Sadegh et al used free periosteal graft loaded with adipose tissue-derived stem cells for wrapping the pedicled omental flap in dog model. Such a tissue engineering approach lead to ectopic new bone formation [ 239 ]. Wiltfang et al proposed the IVB strategy for ectopic bone formation based on the combination of titanium cages filled with bone mineral blocks, supplemented with recombinant human BMP-2, and bone marrow aspirate.…”

“…As a result, a heterotopic trabecular bone formation was revealed [ 147 ]. Applied to clinical settings, omental flaps have been typically used for pharyngeal and esophageal defects reconstruction [ 239 ]. The feasibility of omental flaps clinical application for in vivo BTE purposes remains controversial and requires further experimental investigations.…”