Utilization of 3D Digital Technologies in the Documentation of Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of the Kunerad Mansion (Slovakia)

Abstract

Preservation of cultural heritage plays an important role in society, significantly contributing to its sustainability, which is important for human development and quality of life. The issue of cultural heritage digitization has recently been the subject of increasing research and is part of the initiatives of the European Commission for the Promotion of Cultural Heritage. Therefore, it is necessary to define the stages of the digitization process, which is crucial for cultural heritage preservation. The aim of this article was to examine currently used technologies and their role in the digitization workflow, and to present a detailed historical building information model (HBIM) developed during the digitization project at the historic Kunerad Mansion. To meet these goals, we will describe the best practices for each discussed technology. Special attention is paid to data processing at the very end of the object modeling process. Additionally, particular findings alert the reader to the need to create object element databases in terms of effective point cloud modeling and present the advantages of the technologies examined over traditional ways of preserving cultural heritage. In addition to predicting procedures, cooperation at a multidisciplinary level is needed in a narrower context. On the whole, the article provides some useful suggestions for both practitioners and stakeholders.

Advancing Erosion Control Analysis: A Comparative Study of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Robotic Total Station Techniques for Sediment Barrier Retention Measurement

“…However, it is essential to consider that processing TLS scans requires proficiency in multiple software programs, which can be challenging for practitioners. Furthermore, the utilization of TLS demands expensive equipment, several specialty software programs, and highly trained professionals to perform the task effectively [39]. In contrast, the RTS method must capture thousands of points to achieve results comparable to those obtained through TLS, rendering the process time-consuming, labor-intensive, and susceptible to errors.…”

A New Technology for Documentation Cultural Heritage with Fast, Practical, and Cost-Effective Methods IPAD Pro LiDAR and Data Fusion

“…Additionally, due to the large size of most heritage structures, complete data cannot be obtained using a single method. Experts in the eld argue that complete 3D data can be obtained by using multiple data collection techniques, also known as data integration, to avoid incomplete data (Chatzistamatis et al, 2018;Luhmann et al, 2019;Luhmann et al, 2020;Palčák et al, 2022;Kadhim et al, 2023).…”

“…The study's results indicate that combining data from various sources can con rm the detection of remains and reveal more remains than independent approaches (Kadhim et al, 2023). In their study, Palčák et al (2022) employed data fusion using the terrestrial laser scanning UAV photogrammetry method to document cultural heritage. Palčák et al (2022) performed data fusion to create a historical building information model.…”

Analysis of the Applicability of Photogrammetry in Building Façade

“…In the measurement of large areas, there are no significant differences in the accuracy of the cloud from 3D scan and drone imagery [6]. The point cloud can be a source of data feeding the BIM database in object inventories [31,18,20,22,23], and a point cloud obtained from photogrammetry significantly reduces the time needed for data collection [15] and reduces costs compared to a 3D scan [6].…”

“…This facilitates the subsequent use of the point cloud to model the shape of the object in BIM programmes. The combination of data collection methods: photogrammetry and laser scanning gives a more complete picture of the virtual twin [10,18,22,23]. Laser measurements require a stably positioned scanner (on the ground or a stable platform), and obtaining data from a higher altitude is possible through the use of drones and lightweight cameras.…”