Utilization of 3D Digital Technologies in the Documentation of Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of the Kunerad Mansion (Slovakia)

Abstract

Preservation of cultural heritage plays an important role in society, significantly contributing to its sustainability, which is important for human development and quality of life. The issue of cultural heritage digitization has recently been the subject of increasing research and is part of the initiatives of the European Commission for the Promotion of Cultural Heritage. Therefore, it is necessary to define the stages of the digitization process, which is crucial for cultural heritage preservation. The aim of this article was to examine currently used technologies and their role in the digitization workflow, and to present a detailed historical building information model (HBIM) developed during the digitization project at the historic Kunerad Mansion. To meet these goals, we will describe the best practices for each discussed technology. Special attention is paid to data processing at the very end of the object modeling process. Additionally, particular findings alert the reader to the need to create object element databases in terms of effective point cloud modeling and present the advantages of the technologies examined over traditional ways of preserving cultural heritage. In addition to predicting procedures, cooperation at a multidisciplinary level is needed in a narrower context. On the whole, the article provides some useful suggestions for both practitioners and stakeholders.

The Deep Learning and Cloud Computing Technology for Intelligent Digital Preservation Mechanism

“…This has led to significant theoretical contributions and technological advancements. Palčák et al (2022) found that digital preservation of cultural heritage is essential for keeping artifacts safe and enhancing cultural dissemination and social participation. They proposed establishing a standardized digital collection system to improve data consistency and scalability.…”

The Deep Learning and Cloud Computing Technology for Intelligent Digital Preservation Mechanism

“…This has led to significant theoretical contributions and technological advancements. Palčák et al (2022) found that digital preservation of cultural heritage is essential for keeping artifacts safe and enhancing cultural dissemination and social participation. They proposed establishing a standardized digital collection system to improve data consistency and scalability.…”

Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM): A Review of Published Case Studies

“…The literature highlights that Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) has become a crucial technique for studying heritage assets and is now considered essential for HBIM development . TLS offers several advantages over other methods in HBIM, such as high accuracy (Martín-Lerones et al, 2021;Moyano, Gil-Arizón, et al, 2022), rapid data capture relative to the time invested (Rocha & Mateus, 2021), and comprehensive non-invasive object capture (Abbate et al, 2022;Franco et al, 2020) that eliminates the need for follow-up field surveys (Palcak et al, 2022). Al-Bayari and Shatnawi's study (2022) found that using TLS for heritage documentation can reduce field survey time by 25-30%.…”

“…Additionally, it necessitates specialized software, robust hardware, and skilled professionals to manage and process the scanned data (Alshawabkeh, Baik, & Fallatah, 2021;Martín-Lerones et al, 2021). Conducting a TLS survey can be time-consuming (Mammoli et al, 2021), particularly when capturing large or intricate heritage sites, and is sensitive to environmental factors such as lighting conditions, dust, fog, and rain (Palcak et al, 2022). The duration of a TLS survey depends on the area's complexity, required accuracy, and the processing software utilized.…”

“…To address this challenge, a common approach identified in the literature involves using established Ground Control Points (GCPs) as a shared reference for aligning and scaling all point cloud data . Several software platforms have been used to perform point cloud fusion, including CloudCompare (Palcak et al, 2022), Autodesk ReCap Pro (Barrile & Fotia, 2022), and Agisoft Metashape (Santagati et al, 2021).…”

Practicalities of Incorporating 3D Laser Scanning with BIM in Live Construction Projects: A Case Study

“…Recent research has explored the integration of laser scanning and BIM technologies for building projects [25] and proposed integrated laser scanning and BIM frameworks for various purposes in the construction industry [26,[38][39][40]. Studies on integrated data collection techniques and BIM highlight the potential of these technologies to enhance project management, reduce errors, and promote collaboration among stakeholders during construction processes.…”

The Deep Learning and Cloud Computing Technology for Intelligent Digital Preservation Mechanism

“…This has led to significant theoretical contributions and technological advancements. Palčák et al (2022) found that digital preservation of cultural heritage is essential for keeping artifacts safe and enhancing cultural dissemination and social participation. They proposed establishing a standardized digital collection system to improve data consistency and scalability.…”

Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM): A Review of Published Case Studies

“…The literature highlights that Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) has become a crucial technique for studying heritage assets and is now considered essential for HBIM development . TLS offers several advantages over other methods in HBIM, such as high accuracy (Martín-Lerones et al, 2021;Moyano, Gil-Arizón, et al, 2022), rapid data capture relative to the time invested (Rocha & Mateus, 2021), and comprehensive non-invasive object capture (Abbate et al, 2022;Franco et al, 2020) that eliminates the need for follow-up field surveys (Palcak et al, 2022). Al-Bayari and Shatnawi's study (2022) found that using TLS for heritage documentation can reduce field survey time by 25-30%.…”

“…Additionally, it necessitates specialized software, robust hardware, and skilled professionals to manage and process the scanned data (Alshawabkeh, Baik, & Fallatah, 2021;Martín-Lerones et al, 2021). Conducting a TLS survey can be time-consuming (Mammoli et al, 2021), particularly when capturing large or intricate heritage sites, and is sensitive to environmental factors such as lighting conditions, dust, fog, and rain (Palcak et al, 2022). The duration of a TLS survey depends on the area's complexity, required accuracy, and the processing software utilized.…”

“…To address this challenge, a common approach identified in the literature involves using established Ground Control Points (GCPs) as a shared reference for aligning and scaling all point cloud data . Several software platforms have been used to perform point cloud fusion, including CloudCompare (Palcak et al, 2022), Autodesk ReCap Pro (Barrile & Fotia, 2022), and Agisoft Metashape (Santagati et al, 2021).…”

Practicalities of Incorporating 3D Laser Scanning with BIM in Live Construction Projects: A Case Study

“…Recent research has explored the integration of laser scanning and BIM technologies for building projects [25] and proposed integrated laser scanning and BIM frameworks for various purposes in the construction industry [26,[38][39][40]. Studies on integrated data collection techniques and BIM highlight the potential of these technologies to enhance project management, reduce errors, and promote collaboration among stakeholders during construction processes.…”

The Deep Learning and Cloud Computing Technology for Intelligent Digital Preservation Mechanism

“…This has led to significant theoretical contributions and technological advancements. Palčák et al (2022) found that digital preservation of cultural heritage is essential for keeping artifacts safe and enhancing cultural dissemination and social participation. They proposed establishing a standardized digital collection system to improve data consistency and scalability.…”

Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM): A Review of Published Case Studies

“…The literature highlights that Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) has become a crucial technique for studying heritage assets and is now considered essential for HBIM development . TLS offers several advantages over other methods in HBIM, such as high accuracy (Martín-Lerones et al, 2021;Moyano, Gil-Arizón, et al, 2022), rapid data capture relative to the time invested (Rocha & Mateus, 2021), and comprehensive non-invasive object capture (Abbate et al, 2022;Franco et al, 2020) that eliminates the need for follow-up field surveys (Palcak et al, 2022). Al-Bayari and Shatnawi's study (2022) found that using TLS for heritage documentation can reduce field survey time by 25-30%.…”

“…Additionally, it necessitates specialized software, robust hardware, and skilled professionals to manage and process the scanned data (Alshawabkeh, Baik, & Fallatah, 2021;Martín-Lerones et al, 2021). Conducting a TLS survey can be time-consuming (Mammoli et al, 2021), particularly when capturing large or intricate heritage sites, and is sensitive to environmental factors such as lighting conditions, dust, fog, and rain (Palcak et al, 2022). The duration of a TLS survey depends on the area's complexity, required accuracy, and the processing software utilized.…”

“…To address this challenge, a common approach identified in the literature involves using established Ground Control Points (GCPs) as a shared reference for aligning and scaling all point cloud data . Several software platforms have been used to perform point cloud fusion, including CloudCompare (Palcak et al, 2022), Autodesk ReCap Pro (Barrile & Fotia, 2022), and Agisoft Metashape (Santagati et al, 2021).…”

Practicalities of Incorporating 3D Laser Scanning with BIM in Live Construction Projects: A Case Study

“…Recent research has explored the integration of laser scanning and BIM technologies for building projects [25] and proposed integrated laser scanning and BIM frameworks for various purposes in the construction industry [26,[38][39][40]. Studies on integrated data collection techniques and BIM highlight the potential of these technologies to enhance project management, reduce errors, and promote collaboration among stakeholders during construction processes.…”