Single‐Step Fabrication of Polymeric Composite Membrane via Centrifugal Colloidal Casting for Fuel Cell Applications

Abstract

Recent interest in polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell systems has spurred the development of infiltration technology by which to insert ionomers into mechanically robust reinforcement structures by solution casting in order to produce a cost effective and highly efficient electrolyte. However, the results of the fabrication process often continue to present challenges related to the structural complexity and self‐assembly dynamics between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the constituents which in turn, necessitates additional processing steps and increases production costs. Here, a single‐step process is reported for highly compact polymeric composite membranes (PCMs), fabricated using a centrifugal colloidal casting (C3) method. Combined structural analyses as well as coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations are employed to determine the micro‐/macroscopic structural characteristics of the fabricated PCMs. These findings indicate that the C3 method is capable of forming highly dense ionomer matrix–reinforcement composites consisting of microphase‐separated ionomer structures with tailored crystallinity and ionic cluster sizes. An outcome that is very unlikely with the single‐step coating steps in conventional methods. These structural attributes ensure PCMs with better proton conductivity, greater strain stability, and lower gas crossover properties compared to commercial pristine membranes, expanding their possible range of applicability to PEMs.

Suppression of radical attack in polymer electrolyte membranes using a vinyl polymer blend interlayer with low oxygen permeability

“…One possible explanation for this is that PVA/PVS does not have a phase-separated proton pathway like Nafion 212, as confirmed by SAXS (Fig. 3 (b)) [41,43]. Another is increased membrane resistance due to the interfaces between the PVA/PVS interlayer and the two Nafion layers.…”

“…3 (b). For Nafion 212, a clear crystalline peak is observed at around 1.2 nm -1 [41][42][43]. However, in the case of the PVA/PVS membranes, no such peak is observed.…”

“…Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements can reveal information about the size of hydrophilic domains in PEMs, which generally correspond to proton conduction pathways [13,[41][42][43]. As such, SAXS was performed on a Nafion 212 reference membrane, and on free-standing PVA/PVS membranes, as shown in Fig.…”

Suppression of radical attack in polymer electrolyte membranes using a vinyl polymer blend interlayer with low oxygen permeability

“…One possible explanation for this is that PVA/PVS does not have a phase-separated proton pathway like Nafion 212, as confirmed by SAXS (Fig. 3 (b)) [41,43]. Another is increased membrane resistance due to the interfaces between the PVA/PVS interlayer and the two Nafion layers.…”

“…3 (b). For Nafion 212, a clear crystalline peak is observed at around 1.2 nm -1 [41][42][43]. However, in the case of the PVA/PVS membranes, no such peak is observed.…”

“…Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements can reveal information about the size of hydrophilic domains in PEMs, which generally correspond to proton conduction pathways [13,[41][42][43]. As such, SAXS was performed on a Nafion 212 reference membrane, and on free-standing PVA/PVS membranes, as shown in Fig.…”

Suppression of radical attack in polymer electrolyte membranes using a vinyl polymer blend interlayer with low oxygen permeability

“…One possible explanation for this is that PVA/PVS does not have a phase-separated proton pathway like Nafion 212, as confirmed by SAXS (Fig. 3 (b)) [41,43]. Another is increased membrane resistance due to the interfaces between the PVA/PVS interlayer and the two Nafion layers.…”

“…3 (b). For Nafion 212, a clear crystalline peak is observed at around 1.2 nm -1 [41][42][43]. However, in the case of the PVA/PVS membranes, no such peak is observed.…”

“…Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements can reveal information about the size of hydrophilic domains in PEMs, which generally correspond to proton conduction pathways [13,[41][42][43]. As such, SAXS was performed on a Nafion 212 reference membrane, and on free-standing PVA/PVS membranes, as shown in Fig.…”

Suppression of radical attack in polymer electrolyte membranes using a vinyl polymer blend interlayer with low oxygen permeability

“…One possible explanation for this is that PVA/PVS does not have a phase-separated proton pathway like Nafion 212, as confirmed by SAXS (Fig. 3 (b)) [41,43]. Another is increased membrane resistance due to the interfaces between the PVA/PVS interlayer and the two Nafion layers.…”

“…3 (b). For Nafion 212, a clear crystalline peak is observed at around 1.2 nm -1 [41][42][43]. However, in the case of the PVA/PVS membranes, no such peak is observed.…”

“…Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements can reveal information about the size of hydrophilic domains in PEMs, which generally correspond to proton conduction pathways [13,[41][42][43]. As such, SAXS was performed on a Nafion 212 reference membrane, and on free-standing PVA/PVS membranes, as shown in Fig.…”