Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum as causal agents of potato soft rot in Algeria

Abstract

During surveys carried out in 2014 and 2015 in Algerian potato fields, severe bacterial tuber soft rot was observed. Twenty-one Gram-negative pectinolytic bacterial isolates were obtained from diseased potato tubers. These induced a hypersensitive reaction and soft rot symptoms when inoculated in tobacco leaves and potato tubers, respectively. PCR amplification using the Y1/Y2 primers demonstrated that all of the bacterial isolates belonged to the genus Pectobacterium. Phylogenetic analysis using partial malate dehydrogenase (mdh) gene sequences revealed that six and 15 isolates grouped with Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum reference strains, respectively. Multilocus sequence analysis of concatenated partial sequences of the acnA, atpD, gyrB and infB genes carried out on selected bacterial isolates confirmed the results obtained with the mdh gene sequences. PCR amplification with the BR1f/L1r primers that are specific for P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense confirmed that six of the Algerian isolates belonged to this taxon.

Microbial niche differentiation and agronomic performance of diseased Capsicum annuum

“…It was found that the bacterial genus Pseudomonas in LLP leaves was significantly positively related to plant POD activity ( P < 0.05, r = 0.901), and was closely negatively ( r = −0.485) correlated with pepper plant height although the correlation was not significant ( P ≥ 0.5) ( Figure 7A and Supplementary Figure 10 ). Similarly, the abundance of bacterial Pectobacterium exhibited negative relationship with LLP growth and fitness although unsignificant correlations between the genus abundances and plant fresh weight and height were detected ( P ≥ 0.05, r = −0.575 and −0.611) ( Figure 7A and Supplementary Figure 10 ), moreover, certain Pectobacterium species such as P. colocasium , P. aroidearum and and P. carotovorum were reported to be bacterial soft rot pathogens of taro and potato ( Zhou et al, 2022 ; Naas et al, 2018 ). Moreover, regression analysis showed the two bacteria were significantly negatively related to LLP fresh weight ( P < 0.01, P < 0.05), plant height ( P < 0.01, P < 0.001), chlorophyll a ( P < 0.01), and soluble protein ( P < 0.01, P < 0.001), respectively ( Supplementary Table 17 ).…”

Microbial niche differentiation and agronomic performance of diseased Capsicum annuum

“…It was found that the bacterial genus Pseudomonas in LLP leaves was significantly positively related to plant POD activity ( P < 0.05, r = 0.901), and was closely negatively ( r = −0.485) correlated with pepper plant height although the correlation was not significant ( P ≥ 0.5) ( Figure 7A and Supplementary Figure 10 ). Similarly, the abundance of bacterial Pectobacterium exhibited negative relationship with LLP growth and fitness although unsignificant correlations between the genus abundances and plant fresh weight and height were detected ( P ≥ 0.05, r = −0.575 and −0.611) ( Figure 7A and Supplementary Figure 10 ), moreover, certain Pectobacterium species such as P. colocasium , P. aroidearum and and P. carotovorum were reported to be bacterial soft rot pathogens of taro and potato ( Zhou et al, 2022 ; Naas et al, 2018 ). Moreover, regression analysis showed the two bacteria were significantly negatively related to LLP fresh weight ( P < 0.01, P < 0.05), plant height ( P < 0.01, P < 0.001), chlorophyll a ( P < 0.01), and soluble protein ( P < 0.01, P < 0.001), respectively ( Supplementary Table 17 ).…”

Field surveys indicate taxonomically diverse Pectobacterium species inducing soft rot of vegetables and annual crops in Iran

“…P. carotovorum has a wide host range including, but not limited to, cabbage, carrots, lettuce, onions and potatoes (Cariddi & Sanzani, 2013; de Haan et al, 2008; Dees, Lebecka, et al, 2017; Moretti et al, 2016; Naas et al, 2018; Onkendi & Moleleki, 2014; Ozturk et al, 2018). P. brasiliense strains were isolated and identified for the first time in humid tropical and subtropical climatic conditions in Brazil (Duarte et al, 2004).…”

“…In some cases where the occurrence of other Pectobacterium species/ subspecies was reported, the corresponding results have not been validated with nucleotide sequence-based molecular phylogenetic evidence. So far, P. atrosepticum, P. betavasculorum, P. carotovorum, P. P. carotovorum has a wide host range including, but not limited to, cabbage, carrots, lettuce, onions and potatoes (Cariddi & Sanzani, 2013;de Haan et al, 2008;Dees, Lebecka, et al, 2017;Moretti et al, 2016;Naas et al, 2018;Ozturk et al, 2018). P. brasiliense strains were isolated and identified for the first time in humid tropical and subtropical climatic conditions in Brazil (Duarte et al, 2004).…”

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Pectobacterium colocasium sp. nov. and Pectobacterium aroidearum, Two New Pathogens of Taro

“…Although SRP pathogens are frequently found to co-exist in the same fields ( Terta et al, 2010 ; Oulghazi et al, 2017 ; van der Wolf et al, 2017 ; Naas et al, 2018 ; Ozturk et al, 2018 ; Portier et al, 2019 ), so far there are only a few reported cases of co-infection ( Ge et al, 2021 ; Hu et al, 2021a ; Motyka-Pomagruk et al, 2021 ). In this study, LJ1 and LJ2 were isolated from the same soft rot taro corm; the two pathogens can infect taro both individually and together, although LJ2 caused more severe disease symptoms than LJ1 at 48-hpi ( Figure 2 ).…”

Microbial niche differentiation and agronomic performance of diseased Capsicum annuum

“…It was found that the bacterial genus Pseudomonas in LLP leaves was significantly positively related to plant POD activity ( P < 0.05, r = 0.901), and was closely negatively ( r = −0.485) correlated with pepper plant height although the correlation was not significant ( P ≥ 0.5) ( Figure 7A and Supplementary Figure 10 ). Similarly, the abundance of bacterial Pectobacterium exhibited negative relationship with LLP growth and fitness although unsignificant correlations between the genus abundances and plant fresh weight and height were detected ( P ≥ 0.05, r = −0.575 and −0.611) ( Figure 7A and Supplementary Figure 10 ), moreover, certain Pectobacterium species such as P. colocasium , P. aroidearum and and P. carotovorum were reported to be bacterial soft rot pathogens of taro and potato ( Zhou et al, 2022 ; Naas et al, 2018 ). Moreover, regression analysis showed the two bacteria were significantly negatively related to LLP fresh weight ( P < 0.01, P < 0.05), plant height ( P < 0.01, P < 0.001), chlorophyll a ( P < 0.01), and soluble protein ( P < 0.01, P < 0.001), respectively ( Supplementary Table 17 ).…”

Field surveys indicate taxonomically diverse Pectobacterium species inducing soft rot of vegetables and annual crops in Iran

“…P. carotovorum has a wide host range including, but not limited to, cabbage, carrots, lettuce, onions and potatoes (Cariddi & Sanzani, 2013; de Haan et al, 2008; Dees, Lebecka, et al, 2017; Moretti et al, 2016; Naas et al, 2018; Onkendi & Moleleki, 2014; Ozturk et al, 2018). P. brasiliense strains were isolated and identified for the first time in humid tropical and subtropical climatic conditions in Brazil (Duarte et al, 2004).…”

“…In some cases where the occurrence of other Pectobacterium species/ subspecies was reported, the corresponding results have not been validated with nucleotide sequence-based molecular phylogenetic evidence. So far, P. atrosepticum, P. betavasculorum, P. carotovorum, P. P. carotovorum has a wide host range including, but not limited to, cabbage, carrots, lettuce, onions and potatoes (Cariddi & Sanzani, 2013;de Haan et al, 2008;Dees, Lebecka, et al, 2017;Moretti et al, 2016;Naas et al, 2018;Ozturk et al, 2018). P. brasiliense strains were isolated and identified for the first time in humid tropical and subtropical climatic conditions in Brazil (Duarte et al, 2004).…”

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Pectobacterium colocasium sp. nov. and Pectobacterium aroidearum, Two New Pathogens of Taro

“…Although SRP pathogens are frequently found to co-exist in the same fields ( Terta et al, 2010 ; Oulghazi et al, 2017 ; van der Wolf et al, 2017 ; Naas et al, 2018 ; Ozturk et al, 2018 ; Portier et al, 2019 ), so far there are only a few reported cases of co-infection ( Ge et al, 2021 ; Hu et al, 2021a ; Motyka-Pomagruk et al, 2021 ). In this study, LJ1 and LJ2 were isolated from the same soft rot taro corm; the two pathogens can infect taro both individually and together, although LJ2 caused more severe disease symptoms than LJ1 at 48-hpi ( Figure 2 ).…”

Microbial niche differentiation and agronomic performance of diseased Capsicum annuum

“…It was found that the bacterial genus Pseudomonas in LLP leaves was significantly positively related to plant POD activity ( P < 0.05, r = 0.901), and was closely negatively ( r = −0.485) correlated with pepper plant height although the correlation was not significant ( P ≥ 0.5) ( Figure 7A and Supplementary Figure 10 ). Similarly, the abundance of bacterial Pectobacterium exhibited negative relationship with LLP growth and fitness although unsignificant correlations between the genus abundances and plant fresh weight and height were detected ( P ≥ 0.05, r = −0.575 and −0.611) ( Figure 7A and Supplementary Figure 10 ), moreover, certain Pectobacterium species such as P. colocasium , P. aroidearum and and P. carotovorum were reported to be bacterial soft rot pathogens of taro and potato ( Zhou et al, 2022 ; Naas et al, 2018 ). Moreover, regression analysis showed the two bacteria were significantly negatively related to LLP fresh weight ( P < 0.01, P < 0.05), plant height ( P < 0.01, P < 0.001), chlorophyll a ( P < 0.01), and soluble protein ( P < 0.01, P < 0.001), respectively ( Supplementary Table 17 ).…”

Field surveys indicate taxonomically diverse Pectobacterium species inducing soft rot of vegetables and annual crops in Iran

“…P. carotovorum has a wide host range including, but not limited to, cabbage, carrots, lettuce, onions and potatoes (Cariddi & Sanzani, 2013; de Haan et al, 2008; Dees, Lebecka, et al, 2017; Moretti et al, 2016; Naas et al, 2018; Onkendi & Moleleki, 2014; Ozturk et al, 2018). P. brasiliense strains were isolated and identified for the first time in humid tropical and subtropical climatic conditions in Brazil (Duarte et al, 2004).…”

“…In some cases where the occurrence of other Pectobacterium species/ subspecies was reported, the corresponding results have not been validated with nucleotide sequence-based molecular phylogenetic evidence. So far, P. atrosepticum, P. betavasculorum, P. carotovorum, P. P. carotovorum has a wide host range including, but not limited to, cabbage, carrots, lettuce, onions and potatoes (Cariddi & Sanzani, 2013;de Haan et al, 2008;Dees, Lebecka, et al, 2017;Moretti et al, 2016;Naas et al, 2018;Ozturk et al, 2018). P. brasiliense strains were isolated and identified for the first time in humid tropical and subtropical climatic conditions in Brazil (Duarte et al, 2004).…”

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Pectobacterium colocasium sp. nov. and Pectobacterium aroidearum, Two New Pathogens of Taro

“…Although SRP pathogens are frequently found to co-exist in the same fields ( Terta et al, 2010 ; Oulghazi et al, 2017 ; van der Wolf et al, 2017 ; Naas et al, 2018 ; Ozturk et al, 2018 ; Portier et al, 2019 ), so far there are only a few reported cases of co-infection ( Ge et al, 2021 ; Hu et al, 2021a ; Motyka-Pomagruk et al, 2021 ). In this study, LJ1 and LJ2 were isolated from the same soft rot taro corm; the two pathogens can infect taro both individually and together, although LJ2 caused more severe disease symptoms than LJ1 at 48-hpi ( Figure 2 ).…”