Oxytocin does not contribute to the effects of cervical dilation on progesterone secretion and embryonic development in mares

Handler, Johannes; Hoffmann, Danielle; Weber, Frank; Schams, D.; Aurich, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.04.032

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is supported by our results, where the T 1/2λZ following IM administration was about twofold higher than for the IV route in cows. Furthermore, the T max (0.26 hr) in the study was similar to that in mares (20 min) after IM injection (Handler, ).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Mean ± Sd) For Carbetocin In Cowsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…A summary on carbetocin is available from the European Medicine Agency (EMA); however, the pharmacokinetics of carbetocin is not discussed. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties of carbetocin have been partly described for mares, cows, and sows (Bajcsy et al, ; Boonraungroda et al, ; Handler, ). However, a comprehensive summary of the pharmacokinetics of carbetocin in cows and sows is not available to our knowledge.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Mean ± Sd) For Carbetocin In Cowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carbetocin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in cows and gilts

Sun

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The pharmacokinetics of carbetocin, which is used to control postpartum hemorrhage after giving birth, was studied in cows and gilts after a single intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) injection. Blood samples from animals were assessed by oxytocin radioimmunoassay, and then the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model. For gilts, there was no significant difference between half‐life (T1/2λZ), mean residue time (MRT), and maximum concentration (Cmax) between IM and IV administration. Conversely, the time to reach the Cmax (Tmax) and MRT were higher following administration of 350 μg/animal in cows via the IM administration compared with IV. The longest T1/2λZ was 0.85 hr, indicating carbetocin was absorbed and eliminated rapidly in both animal species after administration. The Tmax was similar between cows and gilts following IM administration. Moreover, the Cmax after IM injection was about half that of IV administration in both animals. The bioavailability was more than 80% in cows, suggesting administration via the IM route is efficient. This is in agreement with the longer T1/2λZ in cows after IM administration. However, the IV route is recommended for gilts due to a lower bioavailability (35%) and shorter T1/2λZ after IM administration compared with IV.

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Section: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Mean ± Sd) For Carbetocin In Cowsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Mean ± Sd) For Carbetocin In Cowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carbetocin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in cows and gilts

Sun

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In inseminated mares, cervical dilation at Day 7 did not affect pregnancy rate (6 of 8 vs. 8 of 8 mares in control group) and embryonic growth rates (Handler et al 2006). One mare acquired uterine inflammation and subsequent early embryonic death after dilation of the cervix.…”

Section: Pregnant Maresmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…One mare acquired uterine inflammation and subsequent early embryonic death after dilation of the cervix. In contrast to cyclic mares, plasma progesterone concentrations did not decrease after dilation, with the exception of two mares, which developed endometritis and luteolysis (Handler et al 2006). Surprisingly, pre-treatment of the mares with xylazine hydrochloride resulted in enhanced embryonic growth rates in dilated mares compared with controls (Handler et al 2002.…”

Section: Pregnant Maresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endocrine responses to standardized cervical manipulation in the mare

Handler¹

2008

PHK

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IntroductionManipulations of the cervix are a prerequisite for numerous diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in equine gynaecology, obstetrics and reproductive biotechnology such as endometrial swabs, cytology and biopsies, palpation of the vaginal portion of the cervix, intrauterine insemination and instillation, therapeutic uterine flushing, embryo collection and transfer, and surgery of the cervix. Depending on the reproductive status of the mare, knowledge of the effects of cervical manipulations would allow avoiding negative consequences for the reproductive success in mares.The effects of cervical manipulations on oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the mare have been under discussion for decades. Insertion of aluminum rods into the cervical canal did not change oestrous cycle patterns (Arthur 1975). In contrast, Hurtgen (1975), Hurtgen and Whitmore (1978) and Hurtgen and Ganjam (1979) were able to shorten dioestrus in mares by simply dilating the cervix manually. Moreover, Berglund et al. (1982) SummaryThe impact of manipulations of the equine cervix on the endocrine system, oestrous cycle patterns, pregnancy rates and embryonic development was investigated by six studies in cyclic and inseminated pregnant mares. In cyclic mares, standardized cervical dilation at Day 7 after ovulation (Day 0 = ovulation) shortened luteal phase and oestrous cycle by almost 2 days. Cervical dilation did not provoke an immediate release of PGF2α, but stimulated a distinct secretion of oxytocin. Starting from Day 10, dilated mares showed significantly lower progesterone levels and went two days earlier into luteolysis compared with controls. Administration of xylazine hydrochloride blocked the oxytocin release completely and oestrous cycle length was not altered by combined treatments. In inseminated, pregnant mares, dilation of the equine cervix did not affect pregnancy rates and early embryonic growth rates. Cervical manipulation also stimulated the secretion of oxytocin, but plasma levels of progesterone did not vary among groups. In contrast, dilated mares treated with xylazine hydrochloride did not secrete oxytocin, but progesterone levels tended to be lower compared with untreated controls (xylazine hydrochloride only). Surprisingly, embryonic growth rates were significantly higher in dilated mares pretreated with xylazine hydrochloride compared with controls. Cervical dilation did not change plasma concentration patterns of LH and prolactin with one exception. Only one pregnant mare showed a distinct rise of prolactin after cervical dilation. Moreover, this mare was the only one, which developed endometrial inflammation and subsequent embryonic death by Day 12. This observation needs to be investigated further for clarification of a possible contribution of prolactin to the mechanisms involved. Additionally, the role of xylazine has to be evaluated, because there is no further evidence from our data that the inhibition of oxytocin release is of significance concerning the effects on embryonic growth by combined tre...

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Utilization of carbetocin for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section: a randomized clinical trial

Borruto

Treisser

Comparetto

2009

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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Oxytocin does not contribute to the effects of cervical dilation on progesterone secretion and embryonic development in mares

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carbetocin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in cows and gilts

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carbetocin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in cows and gilts

Endocrine responses to standardized cervical manipulation in the mare

Utilization of carbetocin for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section: a randomized clinical trial

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