Monte Carlo Simulation of the Two-Dimensional Site Percolation Problem for Designing Sensitive and Quantitatively Analyzable Field-Effect Transistors

Abstract

The succession of appraximations required to obtain the simplified approach of Yabana ef a/ [7,8] is examined in detail. We found that whereas their simple model is roughly acceptable for tool cross Sections (with discrepancies of the order of 3 few per cent). it has dramatic effects on the differrntial cross section. Beyond the very forward angles, the problem has to be treated in its full complexity; the various possible intermediate approximations generate differential cross sections which daviale naticenbly from the correct calculation."Li-"C scattering is described as a four-body problem.

Bis-PCBM-Containing Electrically Conducting Electron-Beam Resist for Nanometer-Scale Organic Devices

“…Another mechanism for increasing the detection sensitivity of FET biosensors with a nanowire channel involves either augmenting or diminishing the influence of carrier percolation through the channel. 15,32,33 When the channel width is similar to or smaller than the size of the target biomolecule, the attachment of a charged target on the surface of the nanowire channel affects all the LUMO or the highest occupied molecular orbital levels of bis-PCBM aggregations positioned along the width direction of the channel at the attachment site. This change is necessary for opening or closing all the current paths through the channel.…”

“…This change is necessary for opening or closing all the current paths through the channel. 15,16,32,33 This leads to an increase in detection sensitivity. As observed from the cross-sectional TEM measurements of the nanowires shown in Figure 2, the width of the current path in the nanowire structure composed of ZEP520A containing bis-PCBM is smaller than the outward appearance of the nanowire width because of the disappearance of bis-PCBM aggregations positioned close to the sidewall.…”

“…15 The mechanisms of high detection sensitivity have been reported for biosensors with a nanowire channel fieldeffect transistor (FET). 15,16,32,33 One mechanism for increasing the detection sensitivity of FET biosensors with nanowire channels is to increase the transconductance. 15,32 FET biosensors typically operate only at temperatures near room temperature because they detect biomolecules in solution.…”

Bis-PCBM-Containing Electrically Conducting Electron-Beam Resist for Nanometer-Scale Organic Devices

“…Another mechanism for increasing the detection sensitivity of FET biosensors with a nanowire channel involves either augmenting or diminishing the influence of carrier percolation through the channel. 15,32,33 When the channel width is similar to or smaller than the size of the target biomolecule, the attachment of a charged target on the surface of the nanowire channel affects all the LUMO or the highest occupied molecular orbital levels of bis-PCBM aggregations positioned along the width direction of the channel at the attachment site. This change is necessary for opening or closing all the current paths through the channel.…”

“…This change is necessary for opening or closing all the current paths through the channel. 15,16,32,33 This leads to an increase in detection sensitivity. As observed from the cross-sectional TEM measurements of the nanowires shown in Figure 2, the width of the current path in the nanowire structure composed of ZEP520A containing bis-PCBM is smaller than the outward appearance of the nanowire width because of the disappearance of bis-PCBM aggregations positioned close to the sidewall.…”

“…15 The mechanisms of high detection sensitivity have been reported for biosensors with a nanowire channel fieldeffect transistor (FET). 15,16,32,33 One mechanism for increasing the detection sensitivity of FET biosensors with nanowire channels is to increase the transconductance. 15,32 FET biosensors typically operate only at temperatures near room temperature because they detect biomolecules in solution.…”

Application of Single-Electron Transistor to Biomolecule and Ion Sensors

“…From the viewpoint of this mechanism, it is effective to decrease the channel width of FET to increase the detection sensitivity. With regard to this percolation effect, the sensitivity enhancement due to the decrease in the channel width of ISFET was confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation [23]. Here, the site percolation property of a finite-size two-dimensional square-lattice system was analyzed to investigate the effect of charged substances on the properties of ISFETs.…”

Electroluminescence from Alq3-Containing Electron-Beam Resists for Light-Emitting Organic Nanometer-Scale Devices

“…Organic light-emitting layers of less than a micrometer in lateral size have the possibility of being highly sensitive organic biosensors. To date, biosensors with nanowire-channel field-effect transistors (FETs) have been developed for the sensitive detection of biomolecules. − The high detection sensitivity when using a nanowire-channel FET is due to suppression of the carrier percolation effect throughout the channel . However, the number of attached molecules is hard to determine from the observed threshold-voltage ( V th ) shift after biomolecules become attached to the nanowire channel for the reason described below.…”

Bis-PCBM-Containing Electrically Conducting Electron-Beam Resist for Nanometer-Scale Organic Devices

“…Another mechanism for increasing the detection sensitivity of FET biosensors with a nanowire channel involves either augmenting or diminishing the influence of carrier percolation through the channel. 15,32,33 When the channel width is similar to or smaller than the size of the target biomolecule, the attachment of a charged target on the surface of the nanowire channel affects all the LUMO or the highest occupied molecular orbital levels of bis-PCBM aggregations positioned along the width direction of the channel at the attachment site. This change is necessary for opening or closing all the current paths through the channel.…”

“…This change is necessary for opening or closing all the current paths through the channel. 15,16,32,33 This leads to an increase in detection sensitivity. As observed from the cross-sectional TEM measurements of the nanowires shown in Figure 2, the width of the current path in the nanowire structure composed of ZEP520A containing bis-PCBM is smaller than the outward appearance of the nanowire width because of the disappearance of bis-PCBM aggregations positioned close to the sidewall.…”

“…15 The mechanisms of high detection sensitivity have been reported for biosensors with a nanowire channel fieldeffect transistor (FET). 15,16,32,33 One mechanism for increasing the detection sensitivity of FET biosensors with nanowire channels is to increase the transconductance. 15,32 FET biosensors typically operate only at temperatures near room temperature because they detect biomolecules in solution.…”

Application of Single-Electron Transistor to Biomolecule and Ion Sensors

“…From the viewpoint of this mechanism, it is effective to decrease the channel width of FET to increase the detection sensitivity. With regard to this percolation effect, the sensitivity enhancement due to the decrease in the channel width of ISFET was confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation [23]. Here, the site percolation property of a finite-size two-dimensional square-lattice system was analyzed to investigate the effect of charged substances on the properties of ISFETs.…”

Electroluminescence from Alq3-Containing Electron-Beam Resists for Light-Emitting Organic Nanometer-Scale Devices

“…Organic light-emitting layers of less than a micrometer in lateral size have the possibility of being highly sensitive organic biosensors. To date, biosensors with nanowire-channel field-effect transistors (FETs) have been developed for the sensitive detection of biomolecules. − The high detection sensitivity when using a nanowire-channel FET is due to suppression of the carrier percolation effect throughout the channel . However, the number of attached molecules is hard to determine from the observed threshold-voltage ( V th ) shift after biomolecules become attached to the nanowire channel for the reason described below.…”

Bis-PCBM-Containing Electrically Conducting Electron-Beam Resist for Nanometer-Scale Organic Devices

“…Another mechanism for increasing the detection sensitivity of FET biosensors with a nanowire channel involves either augmenting or diminishing the influence of carrier percolation through the channel. 15,32,33 When the channel width is similar to or smaller than the size of the target biomolecule, the attachment of a charged target on the surface of the nanowire channel affects all the LUMO or the highest occupied molecular orbital levels of bis-PCBM aggregations positioned along the width direction of the channel at the attachment site. This change is necessary for opening or closing all the current paths through the channel.…”

“…This change is necessary for opening or closing all the current paths through the channel. 15,16,32,33 This leads to an increase in detection sensitivity. As observed from the cross-sectional TEM measurements of the nanowires shown in Figure 2, the width of the current path in the nanowire structure composed of ZEP520A containing bis-PCBM is smaller than the outward appearance of the nanowire width because of the disappearance of bis-PCBM aggregations positioned close to the sidewall.…”

“…15 The mechanisms of high detection sensitivity have been reported for biosensors with a nanowire channel fieldeffect transistor (FET). 15,16,32,33 One mechanism for increasing the detection sensitivity of FET biosensors with nanowire channels is to increase the transconductance. 15,32 FET biosensors typically operate only at temperatures near room temperature because they detect biomolecules in solution.…”

Application of Single-Electron Transistor to Biomolecule and Ion Sensors

“…From the viewpoint of this mechanism, it is effective to decrease the channel width of FET to increase the detection sensitivity. With regard to this percolation effect, the sensitivity enhancement due to the decrease in the channel width of ISFET was confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation [23]. Here, the site percolation property of a finite-size two-dimensional square-lattice system was analyzed to investigate the effect of charged substances on the properties of ISFETs.…”

Electroluminescence from Alq3-Containing Electron-Beam Resists for Light-Emitting Organic Nanometer-Scale Devices

“…Organic light-emitting layers of less than a micrometer in lateral size have the possibility of being highly sensitive organic biosensors. To date, biosensors with nanowire-channel field-effect transistors (FETs) have been developed for the sensitive detection of biomolecules. − The high detection sensitivity when using a nanowire-channel FET is due to suppression of the carrier percolation effect throughout the channel . However, the number of attached molecules is hard to determine from the observed threshold-voltage ( V th ) shift after biomolecules become attached to the nanowire channel for the reason described below.…”