Misconstrued versatility of Ganoderma lucidum: a key player in multi-targeted cellular signaling

Abstract

A Basidiomycetes fungus belonging to polypore family of mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum (GL), has been known since a long time for their myriad therapeutic indications. Renowned as an invaluable resource of cardinal mycoconstituents they encompass numerous terpenoids polysaccharides and proteins. Possessing the therapeutically potent lanosteroidal skeleton, terpenoids are upheld for their invariable participation in therapeutically diverse bioactivities. Polysaccharides and proteins exhibiting distinguishable bioactivities provide this oriental mushroom with additional edges over immune function and anti-cancer potential. This review is a concerted effort to throw light upon the therapeutic versatility of the fungus, shadowed by various other natural products. An effort has been made towards conglomerating the mycoconstituents decisive for the many activities portrayed by this fungus. More importantly, this review seeks to fathom the inextricable role played by derivatives in modulating signaling cascades such as downregulation of various mitogenic pathways, inhibiting growth factors, or upregulating certain pathways enhancing cellular integrity.

Ethanolic Extract of Ganoderma mexicanum Pat. Mycelium: A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiproliferative Activity and Potential PPAR-γ Natural Ligands

“…In this study, the fatty acids were bound near the pocket; conversely, the ganoderic acids were positioned in the allosteric form. Gill et al [ 48 ] mentioned that the keto and hydroxyl groups play roles in signaling through different receptors. GA-DM contains a hydroxyl group at C15, while GA-TQ possesses a keto group at C3; these functional groups could be related to the ability of these molecules to interact with PPAA-γ [ 48 ].…”

Ethanolic Extract of Ganoderma mexicanum Pat. Mycelium: A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiproliferative Activity and Potential PPAR-γ Natural Ligands

“…In this study, the fatty acids were bound near the pocket; conversely, the ganoderic acids were positioned in the allosteric form. Gill et al [ 48 ] mentioned that the keto and hydroxyl groups play roles in signaling through different receptors. GA-DM contains a hydroxyl group at C15, while GA-TQ possesses a keto group at C3; these functional groups could be related to the ability of these molecules to interact with PPAA-γ [ 48 ].…”

Ganoderma Lucidum Induced Acute Pancreatitis in The Elderly

“…Ganoderma lucidum is known with remarkable health benefits in many disorder and diseases. G. lucidum is a Basidiomycetes fungus belonging to polypore family of mushrooms and possessing the therapeutically potent lanosteroidal skeleton, terpenoids are upheld for their invariable participation in therapeutically diverse bioacitivities 5,6 . There are some evidences claimed that G. lucidum increases glycogen synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis, decreases gluconeogenesis, TNF-α and other pro-inflammatory cytokines.…”

Bioactive peptides from mushroom proteins

“…With IC50 values of 10 M, 50 M, 80 M, and 0.75 mM, cordymin, an antifungal peptide derived from the medicinal mushroom C. militaris, suppressed mycelial development in Mycosphaerella arachidicola, Bipolaris maydis, Rhizoctonia solani, and Candida albicans, respectively. Cordymin also exhibited excellent thermostability (100 °C), pH stability (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), and mental ion stability (unaffected by 10 mM Mg2+ and ~ 3924 ~ 10 mM Zn2+) (Wong et al, 2011) [94] .…”

Ethanolic Extract of Ganoderma mexicanum Pat. Mycelium: A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiproliferative Activity and Potential PPAR-γ Natural Ligands

“…In this study, the fatty acids were bound near the pocket; conversely, the ganoderic acids were positioned in the allosteric form. Gill et al [ 48 ] mentioned that the keto and hydroxyl groups play roles in signaling through different receptors. GA-DM contains a hydroxyl group at C15, while GA-TQ possesses a keto group at C3; these functional groups could be related to the ability of these molecules to interact with PPAA-γ [ 48 ].…”

Ganoderma Lucidum Induced Acute Pancreatitis in The Elderly

“…Ganoderma lucidum is known with remarkable health benefits in many disorder and diseases. G. lucidum is a Basidiomycetes fungus belonging to polypore family of mushrooms and possessing the therapeutically potent lanosteroidal skeleton, terpenoids are upheld for their invariable participation in therapeutically diverse bioacitivities 5,6 . There are some evidences claimed that G. lucidum increases glycogen synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis, decreases gluconeogenesis, TNF-α and other pro-inflammatory cytokines.…”

Bioactive peptides from mushroom proteins

“…With IC50 values of 10 M, 50 M, 80 M, and 0.75 mM, cordymin, an antifungal peptide derived from the medicinal mushroom C. militaris, suppressed mycelial development in Mycosphaerella arachidicola, Bipolaris maydis, Rhizoctonia solani, and Candida albicans, respectively. Cordymin also exhibited excellent thermostability (100 °C), pH stability (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), and mental ion stability (unaffected by 10 mM Mg2+ and ~ 3924 ~ 10 mM Zn2+) (Wong et al, 2011) [94] .…”

Ethanolic Extract of Ganoderma mexicanum Pat. Mycelium: A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiproliferative Activity and Potential PPAR-γ Natural Ligands

“…In this study, the fatty acids were bound near the pocket; conversely, the ganoderic acids were positioned in the allosteric form. Gill et al [ 48 ] mentioned that the keto and hydroxyl groups play roles in signaling through different receptors. GA-DM contains a hydroxyl group at C15, while GA-TQ possesses a keto group at C3; these functional groups could be related to the ability of these molecules to interact with PPAA-γ [ 48 ].…”

Ganoderma Lucidum Induced Acute Pancreatitis in The Elderly

“…Ganoderma lucidum is known with remarkable health benefits in many disorder and diseases. G. lucidum is a Basidiomycetes fungus belonging to polypore family of mushrooms and possessing the therapeutically potent lanosteroidal skeleton, terpenoids are upheld for their invariable participation in therapeutically diverse bioacitivities 5,6 . There are some evidences claimed that G. lucidum increases glycogen synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis, decreases gluconeogenesis, TNF-α and other pro-inflammatory cytokines.…”

Bioactive peptides from mushroom proteins

“…With IC50 values of 10 M, 50 M, 80 M, and 0.75 mM, cordymin, an antifungal peptide derived from the medicinal mushroom C. militaris, suppressed mycelial development in Mycosphaerella arachidicola, Bipolaris maydis, Rhizoctonia solani, and Candida albicans, respectively. Cordymin also exhibited excellent thermostability (100 °C), pH stability (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), and mental ion stability (unaffected by 10 mM Mg2+ and ~ 3924 ~ 10 mM Zn2+) (Wong et al, 2011) [94] .…”