Metagenomic data screening reveals the distribution of mobilized resistance genes tet(X), mcr and carbapenemase in animals and humans

Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Tigecycline Resistance Gene tet(X4) in a Salmonella enterica Serovar Llandoff Isolate

“…Interestingly, tet (X3) and tet (X4) were mainly identified in Acinetobacter and E . coli , respectively, which have been identified from the human, animal, and environmental origins as well as in human and animal gut microbiomes 1,2,15,17,29–31 . We found that the tet (X4) gene had been present in eight S .…”

“…Interestingly, tet(X3) and tet(X4) were mainly identified in Acinetobacter and E. coli, respectively, which have been identified from the human, animal, and environmental origins as well as in human and animal gut microbiomes. 1,2,15,17,[29][30][31] We found that the tet(X4) gene had been present in eight S. enterica isolates, including the serovars Agona, Typhimurium, Stanley, Livingstone, and Kentucky from England during 2014-2020, and one S. enterica isolate from the USA (Table S7, http:// links.lww.com/IMD/A13), while the phenotype of tigecycline resistance has not been reported. Because contigs carrying tet(X4) were too short, we were not able to determine whether tet(X4) was located on the chromosome or plasmid in S. enterica strains in England (Figure S3, http://links.lww.com/IMD/A14).…”

Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Tigecycline Resistance Gene tet(X4) in a Salmonella enterica Serovar Llandoff Isolate

“…Interestingly, tet (X3) and tet (X4) were mainly identified in Acinetobacter and E . coli , respectively, which have been identified from the human, animal, and environmental origins as well as in human and animal gut microbiomes 1,2,15,17,29–31 . We found that the tet (X4) gene had been present in eight S .…”

“…Interestingly, tet(X3) and tet(X4) were mainly identified in Acinetobacter and E. coli, respectively, which have been identified from the human, animal, and environmental origins as well as in human and animal gut microbiomes. 1,2,15,17,[29][30][31] We found that the tet(X4) gene had been present in eight S. enterica isolates, including the serovars Agona, Typhimurium, Stanley, Livingstone, and Kentucky from England during 2014-2020, and one S. enterica isolate from the USA (Table S7, http:// links.lww.com/IMD/A13), while the phenotype of tigecycline resistance has not been reported. Because contigs carrying tet(X4) were too short, we were not able to determine whether tet(X4) was located on the chromosome or plasmid in S. enterica strains in England (Figure S3, http://links.lww.com/IMD/A14).…”

Discovery of tigecycline resistance genes tet(X3) and tet(X4) in live poultry market worker gut microbiomes and the surrounded environment

“…Both the two workers work with gloves and masks for eight hours each day in the LPM in Zhongtang town, Guangdong Province, China (Northern latitude: 23°5 0 55 00 , East longitude: 113°38 0 29 00 ), and have not eaten antibiotics within three months. Even though tet(X4) gene had been found in secretion samples from inpatients [1], it was not detected in human gut metagenomes from which the faecal samples were collected before 2019 [3]. These results suggest that tet(X3) and tet(X4) might have spread to the healthy human gut, which is regarded as an ARG reservoir [7] with a higher horizontal gene transfer possibility.…”

The multi-kingdom microbiome catalog of the chicken gastrointestinal tract

“…The uniqueness of this study was in its provision of a reference genome set of the chicken gut microbiome using state-of-the-art metagenomic approaches. The genome set could be used to mine biosynthetic clusters [45] , [90] , novel toxin-metabolizing genes [40] , antimicrobial peptides [91] , microbial dark matter [92] , [93] , and ARGs [94] , [95] , [96] .…”

Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Tigecycline Resistance Gene tet(X4) in a Salmonella enterica Serovar Llandoff Isolate

“…Interestingly, tet (X3) and tet (X4) were mainly identified in Acinetobacter and E . coli , respectively, which have been identified from the human, animal, and environmental origins as well as in human and animal gut microbiomes 1,2,15,17,29–31 . We found that the tet (X4) gene had been present in eight S .…”

“…Interestingly, tet(X3) and tet(X4) were mainly identified in Acinetobacter and E. coli, respectively, which have been identified from the human, animal, and environmental origins as well as in human and animal gut microbiomes. 1,2,15,17,[29][30][31] We found that the tet(X4) gene had been present in eight S. enterica isolates, including the serovars Agona, Typhimurium, Stanley, Livingstone, and Kentucky from England during 2014-2020, and one S. enterica isolate from the USA (Table S7, http:// links.lww.com/IMD/A13), while the phenotype of tigecycline resistance has not been reported. Because contigs carrying tet(X4) were too short, we were not able to determine whether tet(X4) was located on the chromosome or plasmid in S. enterica strains in England (Figure S3, http://links.lww.com/IMD/A14).…”

Discovery of tigecycline resistance genes tet(X3) and tet(X4) in live poultry market worker gut microbiomes and the surrounded environment

“…Both the two workers work with gloves and masks for eight hours each day in the LPM in Zhongtang town, Guangdong Province, China (Northern latitude: 23°5 0 55 00 , East longitude: 113°38 0 29 00 ), and have not eaten antibiotics within three months. Even though tet(X4) gene had been found in secretion samples from inpatients [1], it was not detected in human gut metagenomes from which the faecal samples were collected before 2019 [3]. These results suggest that tet(X3) and tet(X4) might have spread to the healthy human gut, which is regarded as an ARG reservoir [7] with a higher horizontal gene transfer possibility.…”

The multi-kingdom microbiome catalog of the chicken gastrointestinal tract

“…The uniqueness of this study was in its provision of a reference genome set of the chicken gut microbiome using state-of-the-art metagenomic approaches. The genome set could be used to mine biosynthetic clusters [45] , [90] , novel toxin-metabolizing genes [40] , antimicrobial peptides [91] , microbial dark matter [92] , [93] , and ARGs [94] , [95] , [96] .…”

Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Tigecycline Resistance Gene tet(X4) in a Salmonella enterica Serovar Llandoff Isolate

“…Interestingly, tet (X3) and tet (X4) were mainly identified in Acinetobacter and E . coli , respectively, which have been identified from the human, animal, and environmental origins as well as in human and animal gut microbiomes 1,2,15,17,29–31 . We found that the tet (X4) gene had been present in eight S .…”

“…Interestingly, tet(X3) and tet(X4) were mainly identified in Acinetobacter and E. coli, respectively, which have been identified from the human, animal, and environmental origins as well as in human and animal gut microbiomes. 1,2,15,17,[29][30][31] We found that the tet(X4) gene had been present in eight S. enterica isolates, including the serovars Agona, Typhimurium, Stanley, Livingstone, and Kentucky from England during 2014-2020, and one S. enterica isolate from the USA (Table S7, http:// links.lww.com/IMD/A13), while the phenotype of tigecycline resistance has not been reported. Because contigs carrying tet(X4) were too short, we were not able to determine whether tet(X4) was located on the chromosome or plasmid in S. enterica strains in England (Figure S3, http://links.lww.com/IMD/A14).…”

Discovery of tigecycline resistance genes tet(X3) and tet(X4) in live poultry market worker gut microbiomes and the surrounded environment

“…Both the two workers work with gloves and masks for eight hours each day in the LPM in Zhongtang town, Guangdong Province, China (Northern latitude: 23°5 0 55 00 , East longitude: 113°38 0 29 00 ), and have not eaten antibiotics within three months. Even though tet(X4) gene had been found in secretion samples from inpatients [1], it was not detected in human gut metagenomes from which the faecal samples were collected before 2019 [3]. These results suggest that tet(X3) and tet(X4) might have spread to the healthy human gut, which is regarded as an ARG reservoir [7] with a higher horizontal gene transfer possibility.…”

The multi-kingdom microbiome catalog of the chicken gastrointestinal tract

“…The uniqueness of this study was in its provision of a reference genome set of the chicken gut microbiome using state-of-the-art metagenomic approaches. The genome set could be used to mine biosynthetic clusters [45] , [90] , novel toxin-metabolizing genes [40] , antimicrobial peptides [91] , microbial dark matter [92] , [93] , and ARGs [94] , [95] , [96] .…”