Infection with the carcinogenic human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini

Smout, Michael J.; Sripa, Banchob; Laha, Thewarach; Mulvenna, Jason; Gasser, Robin B.; Young, Neil D.; Bethony, Jeffrey M.; Brindley, Paul J.; Loukas, Alex

doi:10.1039/c0mb00295j

Cited by 64 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Especially when the worm burden is high, liver Fluke infection can induce serious hepatobiliary pathology such as fibrosis, hepatomegaly, cholangitis and gallstone formation. In combination with other risk factors (reviewed in Sithithaworn et al 2014), opisthorchiasis can lead to cholangiocarcinoma a malignant tumor of the biliary tract associated with a poor prognosis upon diagnosis and high mortality rates (Smout et al 2011; Sripa et al 2012; Sithithaworn et al 2014). Cholangiocarcinoma incidence in Northeast Thailand is the world’s highest, ranging from 93.8 to 317.6/100,000 (Sithithaworn et al 2014).…”

Section: Medical and Public Health Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of evolutionary biology in research and control of liver flukes in Southeast Asia

Echaubard

Sripa

Mallory

et al. 2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Stimulated largely by the availability of new technology, biomedical research at the molecular-level and chemical-based control approaches arguably dominate the field of infectious diseases. Along with this, the proximate view of disease etiology predominates to the exclusion of the ultimate, evolutionary biology-based, causation perspective. Yet, historically and up to today, research in evolutionary biology has provided much of the foundation for understanding the mechanisms underlying disease transmission dynamics, virulence, and the design of effective integrated control strategies. Here we review the state of knowledge regarding the biology of Asian liver Fluke-host relationship, parasitology, phylodynamics, drug-based interventions and liver Fluke-related cancer etiology from an evolutionary biology perspective. We consider how evolutionary principles, mechanisms and research methods could help refine our understanding of clinical disease associated with infection by Liver Flukes as well as their transmission dynamics. We identify a series of questions for an evolutionary biology research agenda for the liver Fluke that should contribute to an increased understanding of liver Fluke-associated diseases. Finally, we describe an integrative evolutionary medicine approach to liver Fluke prevention and control highlighting the need to better contextualize interventions within a broader human health and sustainable development framework.

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Section: Medical and Public Health Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of evolutionary biology in research and control of liver flukes in Southeast Asia

Echaubard

Sripa

Mallory

et al. 2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…There is no epidemiological evidence that helminths compromise immune surveillance, although there are specific instances in which individual parasite species are linked to particular cancers. The liver flukes Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis are powerful causal factors in human cholangiocarcinoma, cancer of the bile duct (112,263). There are also causal links between S. haematobium infection and bladder cancer, possibly due to the damage caused by the egress of eggs through the bladder wall (93).…”

Section: The Hygiene Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth Infections and Host Immune Regulation

2012

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SUMMARY Helminth parasites infect almost one-third of the world's population, primarily in tropical regions. However, regions where helminth parasites are endemic record much lower prevalences of allergies and autoimmune diseases, suggesting that parasites may protect against immunopathological syndromes. Most helminth diseases are spectral in nature, with a large proportion of relatively asymptomatic cases and a subset of patients who develop severe pathologies. The maintenance of the asymptomatic state is now recognized as reflecting an immunoregulatory environment, which may be promoted by parasites, and involves multiple levels of host regulatory cells and cytokines; a breakdown of this regulation is observed in pathological disease. Currently, there is much interest in whether helminth-associated immune regulation may ameliorate allergy and autoimmunity, with investigations in both laboratory models and human trials. Understanding and exploiting the interactions between these parasites and the host regulatory network are therefore likely to highlight new strategies to control both infectious and immunological diseases.

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“…This species can induce cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma, the latter being the most severe consequence of chronic opisthorchiasis (22,24,26). The consumption of raw or improperly cooked freshwater fish containing infective metacercariae of O. viverrini remains a traditional habit in Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos, and it can lead to opisthorchiasis and its potentially fatal sequelae (5,21,24).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of Mitochondrial Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Detection of the Small Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Opisthorchiidae; Trematoda; Platyhelminthes)

Nguyen

Truong

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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Mitochondrial DNA sequences offer major advantages over the more usual nuclear targets for loop-mediated isothermal amplification approaches (mito-LAMP) because multiple copies occur in every cell. Four LAMP primers [F3, FIP(F1c؉F2), BIP(B1c؉B2), and B3] were designed based on the mitochondrial nad1 sequence of Opisthorchis viverrini and used for a highly specific assay (mito-OvLAMP) to distinguish DNA of O. viverrini from that of another opisthorchiid (Clonorchis sinensis) and other trematodes (Haplorchis pumilio, Haplorchis taichui, Fasciola hepatica, and Fasciola gigantica). Conventional PCR was applied using F3/B3 primer pairs to verify the specificity of the primers for O. viverrini DNA templates. All LAMP-positive samples could be detected with the naked eye in sunlight, by gel electrophoresis (stained with ethidium bromide), and by addition of SYBR green I to the product in sunlight or under UV light. Only DNA from O. viverrini yielded amplification products by LAMP (and by PCR verification), and the LAMP limit of detection was as little as 100 fg (10 ؊4 ng DNA), indicating that this assay is 10 to 100 times more sensitive than PCR. Field testing was done using representative egg and metacercarial samples collected from localities where the fluke is endemic. With the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, and cost effectiveness, mito-Ov-LAMP is a good tool for molecular detection and epidemiology studies in regions or countries where O. viverrini is endemic, which can lead to more effective control of opisthorchiasis and trematodiasis.

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Infection with the carcinogenic human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini

Cited by 64 publications

References 80 publications

The role of evolutionary biology in research and control of liver flukes in Southeast Asia

The role of evolutionary biology in research and control of liver flukes in Southeast Asia

Helminth Infections and Host Immune Regulation

Development of Mitochondrial Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Detection of the Small Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Opisthorchiidae; Trematoda; Platyhelminthes)

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