Indirect Virus Transmission in Cluster of COVID-19 Cases, Wenzhou, China, 2020

Cai, Jing; Sun, Wenjie; Huang, Jianping; Gamber, Michelle; Wu, Jing; He, Guiqing

doi:10.3201/eid2606.200412

Cited by 495 publications

(449 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As has occurred in other affected countries elsewhere, there is a risk of local clusters of transmission from imported cases [1,[43][44][45][46]. Precisely, the first case in Bolivia, originated the transmission to other seven cases in two different departments of the country, as the patient travelled to Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, La Paz and Oruro (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clinical features of the first cases and a cluster of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia imported from Italy and Spain

Escalera-Antezana

Lizon-Ferrufino²,

Maldonado-Alanoca³

et al. 2020

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clinical features of the first cases and a cluster of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia imported from Italy and Spain

Escalera-Antezana

Lizon-Ferrufino²,

Maldonado-Alanoca³

et al. 2020

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…Demographic factors related to the ageing of the population and the possibility of infection without clinical symptoms for a quite long time -associated with the high rate of asymptomatic people that characterize COVID-19, estimated in 50-75% of infections -may only partially explain the fast spreading of the virus in Lombardy and Northern Italy [2,3]. Cai et al (2020) reported different incubation periods in patient(s) infected in Wuhan [4], but an epidemic model based only on respiratory droplets and close contact could not fully explain the regional differences in the spreading of the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 in Italy, which was fast and dramatic only in Lombardy and Po Valley.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential role of Particulate Matter in the Spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: First Evidence-based Research Hypotheses

Setti

Passarini

Gennaro

et al. 2020

Preprint

102

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Background: An epidemic model based only on respiratory droplets and close contact could not fully explain the regional differences in the spread of the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 in Italy, which was fast and dramatic only in Lombardy and Po Valley. On March 16 th 2020, we presented a Position Paper proposing a research hypothesis concerning the association between higher mortality rates due to COVID-19 observed in Northern Italy and the peaks of particulate matter concentrations, frequently exceeding the legal limit of 50 µg/m 3 as PM 10 daily average Methods: To assess environmental factors related to the spread of the COVID-19 in Italy from February 24 th to March 13 th (the date when the lockdown has been imposed over Italy), official daily data relevant to ambient PM 10 levels were collected from all Italian Provinces between February 9 th and February 29 th , taking into account the average time (estimated in 17 days) elapsed between the initial infection and the recorded COVID positivity. In addition to the number of exceedances of PM 10 daily limit value, we considered also population data and daily travelling information per each Province. Results. PM 10 daily limit value exceedances appear to be a significant predictor (p < .001) of infection in univariate analyses. Less polluted Provinces had a median of 0.03 infection cases over 1000 residents, while most polluted Provinces had a median of 0.26 cases over 1000 residents. Thirty-nine out of 41 Northern Italian Provinces resulted in the category with highest PM 10 levels, while 62 out of 66 Southern Provinces presented low PM 10 concentrations (p< 0.001). In Milan, the average growth rate before the lockdown was significantly higher than Rome (0.34 vs. 0.27 per day, with a doubling time of 2.0 days vs. 2.6), suggesting a basic reproductive number R 0 >6.0, comparable with the highest values estimated for China.

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“…The primary transmission routes for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) are believed to be person-to-person contact and by exposure to large droplets produced from sneezing, coughing or talking, but indirect transmission routes may also play a role. 1 This potential role of the environment in the spread of COVID-19 highlights the multitude of applied research needs that must be addressed to effectively control outbreaks and pandemics as novel enveloped viruses emerge. Environmental engineers and scientists are well positioned to apply their unique skill sets and experience with interdisciplinary research to address these needs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Engineers and Scientists Have Important Roles to Play in Stemming Outbreaks and Pandemics Caused by Enveloped Viruses

Wigginton

Boehm

2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

101

107

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Indirect Virus Transmission in Cluster of COVID-19 Cases, Wenzhou, China, 2020

Cited by 495 publications

References 3 publications

Clinical features of the first cases and a cluster of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia imported from Italy and Spain

Clinical features of the first cases and a cluster of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia imported from Italy and Spain

The Potential role of Particulate Matter in the Spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: First Evidence-based Research Hypotheses

Environmental Engineers and Scientists Have Important Roles to Play in Stemming Outbreaks and Pandemics Caused by Enveloped Viruses

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