In vitro feeding assays for hard ticks

Borrelia burgdorferi surface protein Lmp1 facilitates pathogen dissemination through ticks as studied by an artificial membrane feeding system

“…1D ) illustrating the flexibility and thickness of the membrane used in artificial feeding system. Given the average length of hypostome is 170 µm in Ixodes nymphs 43 , our membranes are considerably thinner, and potentially, could also be used also for feeding larval I. scapularis ticks, as previously demonstrated by other studies 42 .

Figure 1 Artificial membrane feeding system.

…”

Borrelia burgdorferi surface protein Lmp1 facilitates pathogen dissemination through ticks as studied by an artificial membrane feeding system

“…1D ) illustrating the flexibility and thickness of the membrane used in artificial feeding system. Given the average length of hypostome is 170 µm in Ixodes nymphs 43 , our membranes are considerably thinner, and potentially, could also be used also for feeding larval I. scapularis ticks, as previously demonstrated by other studies 42 .

Figure 1 Artificial membrane feeding system.

…”

An improved method for in vitro feeding of adult female Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry red mite) using Baudruche membrane (goldbeater’s skin)

“…Krull et al 2017 [15] suggested that thin membranes for the feeding of tick larvae and nymphs could be obtained using Baudruche membrane coated in silicone or even by using Baudruche membrane alone. As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue, as described by Kröber and Guerin [16], did not result in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown), we hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would suffice and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support has been successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16,17], resulting in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes.…”

“…As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue, as described by Kröber and Guerin [16], did not result in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown), we hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would suffice and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support has been successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16,17], resulting in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes. We therefore decided to test a mesh that had already demonstrated utility in the feeding of PRM [11] to determine if attachment was enhanced.…”

An Improved Method for in Vitro Feeding of Dermanyssus Gallinae (Poultry Red Mite) Using Baudruche Membrane (Goldbeater’s Skin).

“…Krull et al, 2017 [15] suggested that thin membranes for the feeding of tick larvae and nymphs could be obtained using Baudruche membrane coated in silicone, or by using Baudruche membrane alone. As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue as described in [16] had not resulted in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown) it was hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would su ce and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed, without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support was successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16] which resulted in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes.…”

“…As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue as described in [16] had not resulted in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown) it was hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would su ce and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed, without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support was successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16] which resulted in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes. It was decided to test a mesh that had already demonstrated utility in the feeding of PRM [11] to determine if attachment was enhanced.…”

Borrelia burgdorferi surface protein Lmp1 facilitates pathogen dissemination through ticks as studied by an artificial membrane feeding system

“…1D ) illustrating the flexibility and thickness of the membrane used in artificial feeding system. Given the average length of hypostome is 170 µm in Ixodes nymphs 43 , our membranes are considerably thinner, and potentially, could also be used also for feeding larval I. scapularis ticks, as previously demonstrated by other studies 42 .

Figure 1 Artificial membrane feeding system.

…”

An improved method for in vitro feeding of adult female Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry red mite) using Baudruche membrane (goldbeater’s skin)

“…Krull et al 2017 [15] suggested that thin membranes for the feeding of tick larvae and nymphs could be obtained using Baudruche membrane coated in silicone or even by using Baudruche membrane alone. As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue, as described by Kröber and Guerin [16], did not result in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown), we hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would suffice and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support has been successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16,17], resulting in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes.…”

“…As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue, as described by Kröber and Guerin [16], did not result in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown), we hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would suffice and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support has been successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16,17], resulting in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes. We therefore decided to test a mesh that had already demonstrated utility in the feeding of PRM [11] to determine if attachment was enhanced.…”

An Improved Method for in Vitro Feeding of Dermanyssus Gallinae (Poultry Red Mite) Using Baudruche Membrane (Goldbeater’s Skin).

“…Krull et al, 2017 [15] suggested that thin membranes for the feeding of tick larvae and nymphs could be obtained using Baudruche membrane coated in silicone, or by using Baudruche membrane alone. As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue as described in [16] had not resulted in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown) it was hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would su ce and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed, without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support was successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16] which resulted in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes.…”

“…As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue as described in [16] had not resulted in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown) it was hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would su ce and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed, without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support was successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16] which resulted in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes. It was decided to test a mesh that had already demonstrated utility in the feeding of PRM [11] to determine if attachment was enhanced.…”

Borrelia burgdorferi surface protein Lmp1 facilitates pathogen dissemination through ticks as studied by an artificial membrane feeding system

“…1D ) illustrating the flexibility and thickness of the membrane used in artificial feeding system. Given the average length of hypostome is 170 µm in Ixodes nymphs 43 , our membranes are considerably thinner, and potentially, could also be used also for feeding larval I. scapularis ticks, as previously demonstrated by other studies 42 .

Figure 1 Artificial membrane feeding system.

…”

An improved method for in vitro feeding of adult female Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry red mite) using Baudruche membrane (goldbeater’s skin)

“…Krull et al 2017 [15] suggested that thin membranes for the feeding of tick larvae and nymphs could be obtained using Baudruche membrane coated in silicone or even by using Baudruche membrane alone. As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue, as described by Kröber and Guerin [16], did not result in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown), we hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would suffice and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support has been successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16,17], resulting in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes.…”

“…As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue, as described by Kröber and Guerin [16], did not result in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown), we hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would suffice and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support has been successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16,17], resulting in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes. We therefore decided to test a mesh that had already demonstrated utility in the feeding of PRM [11] to determine if attachment was enhanced.…”

An Improved Method for in Vitro Feeding of Dermanyssus Gallinae (Poultry Red Mite) Using Baudruche Membrane (Goldbeater’s Skin).

“…Krull et al, 2017 [15] suggested that thin membranes for the feeding of tick larvae and nymphs could be obtained using Baudruche membrane coated in silicone, or by using Baudruche membrane alone. As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue as described in [16] had not resulted in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown) it was hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would su ce and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed, without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support was successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16] which resulted in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes.…”

“…As previous attempts at using silicone with lens tissue as described in [16] had not resulted in PRM feeding in our laboratory (data not shown) it was hoped that the reported high tensile strength of the Baudruche membrane alone would su ce and that it would be thin enough to allow the mites to feed, without damaging the membrane. The addition of a mesh support was successfully used in previous tick studies [14,16] which resulted in enhanced attachment times of ticks to membranes. It was decided to test a mesh that had already demonstrated utility in the feeding of PRM [11] to determine if attachment was enhanced.…”