In Vitro and In Vivo Wound Healing and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of Babassu Oil (Attalea speciosa Mart. Ex Spreng., Arecaceae)

Abstract

Babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng., Arecaceae) is a palm tree endemic to Brazil and found mainly in the borders of Amazon forest, where the harvesting of its fruits is an important source of income for more than 300,000 people. Among the communities of coconut breakers women, babassu oil is used in culinary, as fuel, and mostly as medicinal oil for the treatment of skin wounds and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the wound healing effects of babassu oil. In vitro, babassu oil increased the migration of L929 fibroblasts, inhibited the production of nitric oxide by LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, and increased the levels of INF-γ and IL-6 cytokines production. In vivo, babassu oil accelerated the healing process in a full-thickness splinted wound model, by an increase in the fibroblasts number, blood vessels, and collagen deposition in the wounds. The babassu oil also increased the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the wound site and showed an anti-inflammatory effect in a chronic ear edema model, reducing ear thickness, epidermal hyperplasia, and myeloperoxidase activity. Thus, these data corroborate the use of babassu oil in folk medicine as a remedy to treat skin wounds.

Development and characterization of photoprotective nanoemulsions containing Babassu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) lipophilic extract

“…Furthermore, at a low concentration, the BBS extract showed no statistical difference from the positive control (p>0.05). This result was in agreement with the study by Santos et al (2020), who evaluated the in vitro and in vivo healing effects of BBS oil and observed that BBS oil was not cytotoxic to L929 fibroblast cell lines and murine peritoneal macrophages. Thus, BBS lipophilic extract-based formulations are safe for application in topical products.…”

“…Studies show that high concentrations of lauric fat obtained from coconut can increase skin hydration due to its emollient and humectant power, which also improves the spreadability of the formulation on the skin (Paramita et al, 2022;Vieira et al, 2017). Moreover, recent research has shown that lauric acid also confers biological properties: antiinflammatory, antiviral, and promoting healing activity (Fernandes et al, 2021;Santos et al, 2020;. Thus, BBS lipophilic extract consisting predominantly of lauric acid proved suitable for this study's photoprotective formulations.…”

Development and characterization of photoprotective nanoemulsions containing Babassu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) lipophilic extract

“…Furthermore, at a low concentration, the BBS extract showed no statistical difference from the positive control (p>0.05). This result was in agreement with the study by Santos et al (2020), who evaluated the in vitro and in vivo healing effects of BBS oil and observed that BBS oil was not cytotoxic to L929 fibroblast cell lines and murine peritoneal macrophages. Thus, BBS lipophilic extract-based formulations are safe for application in topical products.…”

“…Studies show that high concentrations of lauric fat obtained from coconut can increase skin hydration due to its emollient and humectant power, which also improves the spreadability of the formulation on the skin (Paramita et al, 2022;Vieira et al, 2017). Moreover, recent research has shown that lauric acid also confers biological properties: antiinflammatory, antiviral, and promoting healing activity (Fernandes et al, 2021;Santos et al, 2020;. Thus, BBS lipophilic extract consisting predominantly of lauric acid proved suitable for this study's photoprotective formulations.…”

Boric acid and zinc borate doped graphene hydrogels designed for burn treatment: In vitro viability-biocompatibility tests and microbiological analysis

“…The results obtained are compared with the control group. 40 Accordingly, the migration recovery percentages of 15 concentrations of BA at 24 h were 62.46%, 81.62%, 70.05%, 75.56%, 87.11%, 87.55%, 73.18%, 83.24%, 80.92%, 86.54%, 77.98%, 83.57%, 81.05%, 70.81%, 86.91% respectively; the control group was found to be 62.84%. The closure percentages in the zinc borate concentrations used are between 75 and 90 %.…”

Modifying Effect of the Antibiotic Action, Membrane Permeability, and ADMET/Toxicity Profile of the Fixed Oil From the Pulp of Mauritia Flexuosa F.L. (Arecaceae)

“…The presence of fatty acids is common in fixed oils of the Arecaceae family, according to the study by [ 26 ], in the oils from the pulp and almond of Syagrus oleraces, Syagrus romanzoffiana, and Acrocomia aculeata , high concentrations of palmitic and oleic acid were found. Such compounds were also found in the oils of Caryocar coriaceum [ 27 ] and Attalea speciosa [ 28 ].…”

Development and characterization of photoprotective nanoemulsions containing Babassu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) lipophilic extract

“…Furthermore, at a low concentration, the BBS extract showed no statistical difference from the positive control (p>0.05). This result was in agreement with the study by Santos et al (2020), who evaluated the in vitro and in vivo healing effects of BBS oil and observed that BBS oil was not cytotoxic to L929 fibroblast cell lines and murine peritoneal macrophages. Thus, BBS lipophilic extract-based formulations are safe for application in topical products.…”

“…Studies show that high concentrations of lauric fat obtained from coconut can increase skin hydration due to its emollient and humectant power, which also improves the spreadability of the formulation on the skin (Paramita et al, 2022;Vieira et al, 2017). Moreover, recent research has shown that lauric acid also confers biological properties: antiinflammatory, antiviral, and promoting healing activity (Fernandes et al, 2021;Santos et al, 2020;. Thus, BBS lipophilic extract consisting predominantly of lauric acid proved suitable for this study's photoprotective formulations.…”

Boric acid and zinc borate doped graphene hydrogels designed for burn treatment: In vitro viability-biocompatibility tests and microbiological analysis

“…The results obtained are compared with the control group. 40 Accordingly, the migration recovery percentages of 15 concentrations of BA at 24 h were 62.46%, 81.62%, 70.05%, 75.56%, 87.11%, 87.55%, 73.18%, 83.24%, 80.92%, 86.54%, 77.98%, 83.57%, 81.05%, 70.81%, 86.91% respectively; the control group was found to be 62.84%. The closure percentages in the zinc borate concentrations used are between 75 and 90 %.…”

Modifying Effect of the Antibiotic Action, Membrane Permeability, and ADMET/Toxicity Profile of the Fixed Oil From the Pulp of Mauritia Flexuosa F.L. (Arecaceae)

“…The presence of fatty acids is common in fixed oils of the Arecaceae family, according to the study by [ 26 ], in the oils from the pulp and almond of Syagrus oleraces, Syagrus romanzoffiana, and Acrocomia aculeata , high concentrations of palmitic and oleic acid were found. Such compounds were also found in the oils of Caryocar coriaceum [ 27 ] and Attalea speciosa [ 28 ].…”

Development and characterization of photoprotective nanoemulsions containing Babassu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) lipophilic extract

“…Furthermore, at a low concentration, the BBS extract showed no statistical difference from the positive control (p>0.05). This result was in agreement with the study by Santos et al (2020), who evaluated the in vitro and in vivo healing effects of BBS oil and observed that BBS oil was not cytotoxic to L929 fibroblast cell lines and murine peritoneal macrophages. Thus, BBS lipophilic extract-based formulations are safe for application in topical products.…”

“…Studies show that high concentrations of lauric fat obtained from coconut can increase skin hydration due to its emollient and humectant power, which also improves the spreadability of the formulation on the skin (Paramita et al, 2022;Vieira et al, 2017). Moreover, recent research has shown that lauric acid also confers biological properties: antiinflammatory, antiviral, and promoting healing activity (Fernandes et al, 2021;Santos et al, 2020;. Thus, BBS lipophilic extract consisting predominantly of lauric acid proved suitable for this study's photoprotective formulations.…”

Boric acid and zinc borate doped graphene hydrogels designed for burn treatment: In vitro viability-biocompatibility tests and microbiological analysis

“…The results obtained are compared with the control group. 40 Accordingly, the migration recovery percentages of 15 concentrations of BA at 24 h were 62.46%, 81.62%, 70.05%, 75.56%, 87.11%, 87.55%, 73.18%, 83.24%, 80.92%, 86.54%, 77.98%, 83.57%, 81.05%, 70.81%, 86.91% respectively; the control group was found to be 62.84%. The closure percentages in the zinc borate concentrations used are between 75 and 90 %.…”

Modifying Effect of the Antibiotic Action, Membrane Permeability, and ADMET/Toxicity Profile of the Fixed Oil From the Pulp of Mauritia Flexuosa F.L. (Arecaceae)

“…The presence of fatty acids is common in fixed oils of the Arecaceae family, according to the study by [ 26 ], in the oils from the pulp and almond of Syagrus oleraces, Syagrus romanzoffiana, and Acrocomia aculeata , high concentrations of palmitic and oleic acid were found. Such compounds were also found in the oils of Caryocar coriaceum [ 27 ] and Attalea speciosa [ 28 ].…”