Impact of Using GPS L2 Receiver Antenna Corrections for the Galileo E5a Frequency on Position Estimates

Abstract

Knowledge of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna phase center variations plays a key role in precise positioning. Proper modeling is achieved by accessing antenna phase center corrections, which are determined in the calibration process. For most receiver antenna types, the International GNSS Service provides such corrections for two GPS and GLONASS carrier signals. In the case of Galileo, access to phase center corrections is difficult; only antennas calibrated in the anechoic chambers have available corrections for Galileo frequencies. Hence, in many of the studies, GPS-dedicated corrections are used for these Galileo frequencies. Differential analysis was conducted in this study to evaluate the impact of such change. In total, 25 stations belonging to the EUREF Permanent Network and equipped with individual calibrated antennas were the subject of this research. The results for both the absolute and relative positioning methods are clear: using GPS L2 corrections for Galileo E5a frequency causes a bias in the estimated height of almost 8 mm. For the horizontal component, a significant difference can be noticed for only one type of antenna.

Analysis of Different Weighting Functions of Observations for GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance

“…The positive values were always obtained for the E, whereas only the negative were for the G. A bias between the E and G was noted for all weighting functions. As shown in [69], using GPS receive antenna phase center corrections for Galileo observations causes a bias of almost −8 mm for the Up component. In our solutions, the bias depends on the function used and varies from 7 mm for Function_1 to 38 mm for Function_6.…”

“…There is already research on obtaining official combined solutions from all ACs, where discrepancies between different ACs are still obtained [13][14][15]67]. These differences are the consequences of using different models to determine the products, as well as the need to estimate parameters such as ISB [68] or using different receiver antenna models for Galileo observations [69,70]. Therefore, it is important to adopt appropriate reference coordinates in multi-GNSS analyzes.…”

“…Also, the use of GPS reference coordinates produces a bias of approximately 1 cm for Galileo calculations. As shown in [69], the use of Galileo phase center corrections (PCC) models for Galileo observations causes a bias of -8 mm with respect to GPS results. The use of PCC GPS models for Galileo observations results in greater consistency of the results between Galileo and GPS solutions.…”

Analysis of Different Weighting Functions of Observations for GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance

“…The positive values were always obtained for the E, whereas only the negative were for the G. A bias between the E and G was noted for all weighting functions. As shown in [69], using GPS receive antenna phase center corrections for Galileo observations causes a bias of almost −8 mm for the Up component. In our solutions, the bias depends on the function used and varies from 7 mm for Function_1 to 38 mm for Function_6.…”

“…There is already research on obtaining official combined solutions from all ACs, where discrepancies between different ACs are still obtained [13][14][15]67]. These differences are the consequences of using different models to determine the products, as well as the need to estimate parameters such as ISB [68] or using different receiver antenna models for Galileo observations [69,70]. Therefore, it is important to adopt appropriate reference coordinates in multi-GNSS analyzes.…”

“…Also, the use of GPS reference coordinates produces a bias of approximately 1 cm for Galileo calculations. As shown in [69], the use of Galileo phase center corrections (PCC) models for Galileo observations causes a bias of -8 mm with respect to GPS results. The use of PCC GPS models for Galileo observations results in greater consistency of the results between Galileo and GPS solutions.…”

Analysis of the influence of sheath positions, flight parameters and incident wave parameters on the wave propagation in plasma sheath

“…The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in plasma sheath are closely related to the frequency of electromagnetic waves. Araszkiewicz and Kiliszek discussed some of the navigation system operating frequencies in [12], which illustrated that most of the more mature frequencies used by global navigation systems were concentrated at the L-band. Table 1 lists some bands of several major navigation systems.…”

Preliminary Results of an Astri/UWM EGNSS Receiver Antenna Calibration Facility

“…The GNSS antenna PCV is still important issue in many various applications [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Accurate PCCs are a key element, especially in field of geodesy, where GNSS measurements are used to establish reference frames [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Analysis of Different Weighting Functions of Observations for GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance

“…The positive values were always obtained for the E, whereas only the negative were for the G. A bias between the E and G was noted for all weighting functions. As shown in [69], using GPS receive antenna phase center corrections for Galileo observations causes a bias of almost −8 mm for the Up component. In our solutions, the bias depends on the function used and varies from 7 mm for Function_1 to 38 mm for Function_6.…”

“…There is already research on obtaining official combined solutions from all ACs, where discrepancies between different ACs are still obtained [13][14][15]67]. These differences are the consequences of using different models to determine the products, as well as the need to estimate parameters such as ISB [68] or using different receiver antenna models for Galileo observations [69,70]. Therefore, it is important to adopt appropriate reference coordinates in multi-GNSS analyzes.…”

“…Also, the use of GPS reference coordinates produces a bias of approximately 1 cm for Galileo calculations. As shown in [69], the use of Galileo phase center corrections (PCC) models for Galileo observations causes a bias of -8 mm with respect to GPS results. The use of PCC GPS models for Galileo observations results in greater consistency of the results between Galileo and GPS solutions.…”

Analysis of the influence of sheath positions, flight parameters and incident wave parameters on the wave propagation in plasma sheath

“…The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in plasma sheath are closely related to the frequency of electromagnetic waves. Araszkiewicz and Kiliszek discussed some of the navigation system operating frequencies in [12], which illustrated that most of the more mature frequencies used by global navigation systems were concentrated at the L-band. Table 1 lists some bands of several major navigation systems.…”

Preliminary Results of an Astri/UWM EGNSS Receiver Antenna Calibration Facility

“…The GNSS antenna PCV is still important issue in many various applications [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Accurate PCCs are a key element, especially in field of geodesy, where GNSS measurements are used to establish reference frames [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Analysis of Different Weighting Functions of Observations for GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance

“…The positive values were always obtained for the E, whereas only the negative were for the G. A bias between the E and G was noted for all weighting functions. As shown in [69], using GPS receive antenna phase center corrections for Galileo observations causes a bias of almost −8 mm for the Up component. In our solutions, the bias depends on the function used and varies from 7 mm for Function_1 to 38 mm for Function_6.…”

“…There is already research on obtaining official combined solutions from all ACs, where discrepancies between different ACs are still obtained [13][14][15]67]. These differences are the consequences of using different models to determine the products, as well as the need to estimate parameters such as ISB [68] or using different receiver antenna models for Galileo observations [69,70]. Therefore, it is important to adopt appropriate reference coordinates in multi-GNSS analyzes.…”

“…Also, the use of GPS reference coordinates produces a bias of approximately 1 cm for Galileo calculations. As shown in [69], the use of Galileo phase center corrections (PCC) models for Galileo observations causes a bias of -8 mm with respect to GPS results. The use of PCC GPS models for Galileo observations results in greater consistency of the results between Galileo and GPS solutions.…”

Analysis of the influence of sheath positions, flight parameters and incident wave parameters on the wave propagation in plasma sheath

“…The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in plasma sheath are closely related to the frequency of electromagnetic waves. Araszkiewicz and Kiliszek discussed some of the navigation system operating frequencies in [12], which illustrated that most of the more mature frequencies used by global navigation systems were concentrated at the L-band. Table 1 lists some bands of several major navigation systems.…”

Preliminary Results of an Astri/UWM EGNSS Receiver Antenna Calibration Facility

“…The GNSS antenna PCV is still important issue in many various applications [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Accurate PCCs are a key element, especially in field of geodesy, where GNSS measurements are used to establish reference frames [ 9 , 10 ].…”