Examining personality factors and character defenses assists in the differentiation between college students with Internet addiction and unaffected controls

Heavy Study Investment: An Analysis of the Defense Mechanisms Characterizing Studyholism and Study Engagement

“…Moreover, omnipotence and sublimation are negative predictors of Studyholism, in contrast with the studies concerning SUD, which found that they have higher omnipotence and sublimation levels than a control group [ 38 , 39 ]. The results concerning lower sublimation and higher regression in Studyholics are in line with the studies concerning OCD [ 20 , 29 ] and, regarding lower sublimation only, with the studies about IAD [ 43 , 44 ]. Hence, we speculate that these results might suggest that Studyholism is characterized by a defense style that is more similar to OCD than to SUD, hence supporting its conceptualization as an OCD-related disorder.…”

“…Moreover, we found that omnipotence and sublimation are negative predictors of Studyholism (in contrast with SUD, which is characterized by higher levels of omnipotence and sublimation [ 38 , 39 ]). Additionally, the results regarding lower sublimation and higher regression are in line with OCD studies [ 20 , 29 ] and, regarding lower sublimation only, with IAD studies [ 43 , 44 ]. Therefore, even if the literature concerning the defense styles of OCD, SUD, and IAD is inconsistent—and, therefore, it is not possible to use these data for definitive conclusions concerning the internalizing and/or externalizing nature of problematic overstudying—we suggest that Studyholism has a defense style that is more similar to OCD than to SUD, hence supporting its conceptualization as an OCD-related disorder.…”

Heavy Study Investment: An Analysis of the Defense Mechanisms Characterizing Studyholism and Study Engagement

“…Moreover, omnipotence and sublimation are negative predictors of Studyholism, in contrast with the studies concerning SUD, which found that they have higher omnipotence and sublimation levels than a control group [ 38 , 39 ]. The results concerning lower sublimation and higher regression in Studyholics are in line with the studies concerning OCD [ 20 , 29 ] and, regarding lower sublimation only, with the studies about IAD [ 43 , 44 ]. Hence, we speculate that these results might suggest that Studyholism is characterized by a defense style that is more similar to OCD than to SUD, hence supporting its conceptualization as an OCD-related disorder.…”

“…Moreover, we found that omnipotence and sublimation are negative predictors of Studyholism (in contrast with SUD, which is characterized by higher levels of omnipotence and sublimation [ 38 , 39 ]). Additionally, the results regarding lower sublimation and higher regression are in line with OCD studies [ 20 , 29 ] and, regarding lower sublimation only, with IAD studies [ 43 , 44 ]. Therefore, even if the literature concerning the defense styles of OCD, SUD, and IAD is inconsistent—and, therefore, it is not possible to use these data for definitive conclusions concerning the internalizing and/or externalizing nature of problematic overstudying—we suggest that Studyholism has a defense style that is more similar to OCD than to SUD, hence supporting its conceptualization as an OCD-related disorder.…”

A Psychoanalytic Approach to Internet Gaming Disorder

“…This process was well-received in most instances by patients and helped immensely with the establishment of a therapeutic alliance. The average gaming-addicted patient approaches therapy with ambivalence, denial and essentially rejecting outside help, as confirmed by earlier research [25]; the GAI setting offered a treatment pathway where important details of the inner life are brought fore that would otherwise require a very lengthy consultation period for the patient to offer spontaneously, if at all. Patients who were up to that point unwilling to verbalize their inner conflicts found a gateway that appeared safe and largely eluded their unconscious defenses, much in parallel to working with dreams.…”

Big Five personality group differences across academic majors: A systematic review

“…Finally, Clariana (2013) and Vedel et al (2015) found significant gender differences in Neuroticism; females scored significantly higher than males (p < .001). Results were contradictory for Openness, and no significant gender differences in Extraversion were found.…”

“…Clariana (2013), Larson et al (2007, Rubinstein (2005), and Vedel et al (2015) found significant gender differences in Agreeableness; females scored significantly higher than males (p < .01). Clariana 2013, Rubinstein (2005), and Vedel et al (2015) also found significant gender differences in Conscientiousness; again, females scored significantly higher than males (p < .05).…”

Heavy Study Investment: An Analysis of the Defense Mechanisms Characterizing Studyholism and Study Engagement

“…Moreover, omnipotence and sublimation are negative predictors of Studyholism, in contrast with the studies concerning SUD, which found that they have higher omnipotence and sublimation levels than a control group [ 38 , 39 ]. The results concerning lower sublimation and higher regression in Studyholics are in line with the studies concerning OCD [ 20 , 29 ] and, regarding lower sublimation only, with the studies about IAD [ 43 , 44 ]. Hence, we speculate that these results might suggest that Studyholism is characterized by a defense style that is more similar to OCD than to SUD, hence supporting its conceptualization as an OCD-related disorder.…”

“…Moreover, we found that omnipotence and sublimation are negative predictors of Studyholism (in contrast with SUD, which is characterized by higher levels of omnipotence and sublimation [ 38 , 39 ]). Additionally, the results regarding lower sublimation and higher regression are in line with OCD studies [ 20 , 29 ] and, regarding lower sublimation only, with IAD studies [ 43 , 44 ]. Therefore, even if the literature concerning the defense styles of OCD, SUD, and IAD is inconsistent—and, therefore, it is not possible to use these data for definitive conclusions concerning the internalizing and/or externalizing nature of problematic overstudying—we suggest that Studyholism has a defense style that is more similar to OCD than to SUD, hence supporting its conceptualization as an OCD-related disorder.…”

A Psychoanalytic Approach to Internet Gaming Disorder

“…This process was well-received in most instances by patients and helped immensely with the establishment of a therapeutic alliance. The average gaming-addicted patient approaches therapy with ambivalence, denial and essentially rejecting outside help, as confirmed by earlier research [25]; the GAI setting offered a treatment pathway where important details of the inner life are brought fore that would otherwise require a very lengthy consultation period for the patient to offer spontaneously, if at all. Patients who were up to that point unwilling to verbalize their inner conflicts found a gateway that appeared safe and largely eluded their unconscious defenses, much in parallel to working with dreams.…”

Big Five personality group differences across academic majors: A systematic review

“…Finally, Clariana (2013) and Vedel et al (2015) found significant gender differences in Neuroticism; females scored significantly higher than males (p < .001). Results were contradictory for Openness, and no significant gender differences in Extraversion were found.…”

“…Clariana (2013), Larson et al (2007, Rubinstein (2005), and Vedel et al (2015) found significant gender differences in Agreeableness; females scored significantly higher than males (p < .01). Clariana 2013, Rubinstein (2005), and Vedel et al (2015) also found significant gender differences in Conscientiousness; again, females scored significantly higher than males (p < .05).…”

Heavy Study Investment: An Analysis of the Defense Mechanisms Characterizing Studyholism and Study Engagement

“…Moreover, omnipotence and sublimation are negative predictors of Studyholism, in contrast with the studies concerning SUD, which found that they have higher omnipotence and sublimation levels than a control group [ 38 , 39 ]. The results concerning lower sublimation and higher regression in Studyholics are in line with the studies concerning OCD [ 20 , 29 ] and, regarding lower sublimation only, with the studies about IAD [ 43 , 44 ]. Hence, we speculate that these results might suggest that Studyholism is characterized by a defense style that is more similar to OCD than to SUD, hence supporting its conceptualization as an OCD-related disorder.…”

“…Moreover, we found that omnipotence and sublimation are negative predictors of Studyholism (in contrast with SUD, which is characterized by higher levels of omnipotence and sublimation [ 38 , 39 ]). Additionally, the results regarding lower sublimation and higher regression are in line with OCD studies [ 20 , 29 ] and, regarding lower sublimation only, with IAD studies [ 43 , 44 ]. Therefore, even if the literature concerning the defense styles of OCD, SUD, and IAD is inconsistent—and, therefore, it is not possible to use these data for definitive conclusions concerning the internalizing and/or externalizing nature of problematic overstudying—we suggest that Studyholism has a defense style that is more similar to OCD than to SUD, hence supporting its conceptualization as an OCD-related disorder.…”

A Psychoanalytic Approach to Internet Gaming Disorder

“…This process was well-received in most instances by patients and helped immensely with the establishment of a therapeutic alliance. The average gaming-addicted patient approaches therapy with ambivalence, denial and essentially rejecting outside help, as confirmed by earlier research [25]; the GAI setting offered a treatment pathway where important details of the inner life are brought fore that would otherwise require a very lengthy consultation period for the patient to offer spontaneously, if at all. Patients who were up to that point unwilling to verbalize their inner conflicts found a gateway that appeared safe and largely eluded their unconscious defenses, much in parallel to working with dreams.…”

Big Five personality group differences across academic majors: A systematic review

“…Finally, Clariana (2013) and Vedel et al (2015) found significant gender differences in Neuroticism; females scored significantly higher than males (p < .001). Results were contradictory for Openness, and no significant gender differences in Extraversion were found.…”

“…Clariana (2013), Larson et al (2007, Rubinstein (2005), and Vedel et al (2015) found significant gender differences in Agreeableness; females scored significantly higher than males (p < .01). Clariana 2013, Rubinstein (2005), and Vedel et al (2015) also found significant gender differences in Conscientiousness; again, females scored significantly higher than males (p < .05).…”