Enhanced Alcohol Self‐Administration after Intermittent Versus Continuous Alcohol Vapor Exposure

Abstract

The finding that intermittent exposure produces more rapid increases in self-administration of ethanol relative to continuous exposure suggests that intermittent exposure may be associated with a more rapid escalation of the allostatic processes responsible for excessive ethanol self-administration. The mechanisms that drive the increases in drinking during withdrawal are similar after 2 and 8 hr of withdrawal and seem to be specific to ethanol.

Individual differences in punished alcohol self-administration are unaltered by alcohol vapor exposure

“…Our data show increases in alcohol self-administration following alcohol vapor exposure, consistent with previous findings [ 13 , 35 , 36 , 40 ]. It is important to note that alcohol intake was not directly quantified, raising the possibility that this escalation in responding does not correspond to increased alcohol intake [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Individual differences in punished alcohol self-administration are unaltered by alcohol vapor exposure

“…Our data show increases in alcohol self-administration following alcohol vapor exposure, consistent with previous findings [ 13 , 35 , 36 , 40 ]. It is important to note that alcohol intake was not directly quantified, raising the possibility that this escalation in responding does not correspond to increased alcohol intake [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Individual differences in punished alcohol self-administration are unaltered by alcohol vapor exposure

“…Our data show increases in alcohol self-administration following alcohol vapor exposure, consistent with previous findings [13, 31, 32, 33]. However, we found no effect of alcohol vapor exposure on foot shock punished self-administration.…”

Effects of acute withdrawal on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in DBA/2J mice

“…Our data are congruent with previous studies showing increases in ethanol self-administration during withdrawal in animals previously made dependent by prolonged or repeated exposure to ethanol in liquid diet (Brown et al 1998; Schulteis et al 1996), air vapor (Becker and Lopez 2004; Finn et al 2007; Lopez and Becker 2005; O’Dell et al 2004; Rimondini et al 2002; Roberts et al 1996, 2000) or intragastric infusions (Cunningham et al 2013; Deutsch & Cannis 1980; Fidler et al 2006, 2009, 2011, 2012). However, our results extend those findings in several important ways.…”

Individual differences in punished alcohol self-administration are unaltered by alcohol vapor exposure

“…Our data show increases in alcohol self-administration following alcohol vapor exposure, consistent with previous findings [ 13 , 35 , 36 , 40 ]. It is important to note that alcohol intake was not directly quantified, raising the possibility that this escalation in responding does not correspond to increased alcohol intake [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Individual differences in punished alcohol self-administration are unaltered by alcohol vapor exposure

“…Our data show increases in alcohol self-administration following alcohol vapor exposure, consistent with previous findings [13, 31, 32, 33]. However, we found no effect of alcohol vapor exposure on foot shock punished self-administration.…”

Effects of acute withdrawal on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in DBA/2J mice

“…Our data are congruent with previous studies showing increases in ethanol self-administration during withdrawal in animals previously made dependent by prolonged or repeated exposure to ethanol in liquid diet (Brown et al 1998; Schulteis et al 1996), air vapor (Becker and Lopez 2004; Finn et al 2007; Lopez and Becker 2005; O’Dell et al 2004; Rimondini et al 2002; Roberts et al 1996, 2000) or intragastric infusions (Cunningham et al 2013; Deutsch & Cannis 1980; Fidler et al 2006, 2009, 2011, 2012). However, our results extend those findings in several important ways.…”

Individual differences in punished alcohol self-administration are unaltered by alcohol vapor exposure

“…Our data show increases in alcohol self-administration following alcohol vapor exposure, consistent with previous findings [ 13 , 35 , 36 , 40 ]. It is important to note that alcohol intake was not directly quantified, raising the possibility that this escalation in responding does not correspond to increased alcohol intake [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Individual differences in punished alcohol self-administration are unaltered by alcohol vapor exposure

“…Our data show increases in alcohol self-administration following alcohol vapor exposure, consistent with previous findings [13, 31, 32, 33]. However, we found no effect of alcohol vapor exposure on foot shock punished self-administration.…”

Effects of acute withdrawal on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in DBA/2J mice

“…Our data are congruent with previous studies showing increases in ethanol self-administration during withdrawal in animals previously made dependent by prolonged or repeated exposure to ethanol in liquid diet (Brown et al 1998; Schulteis et al 1996), air vapor (Becker and Lopez 2004; Finn et al 2007; Lopez and Becker 2005; O’Dell et al 2004; Rimondini et al 2002; Roberts et al 1996, 2000) or intragastric infusions (Cunningham et al 2013; Deutsch & Cannis 1980; Fidler et al 2006, 2009, 2011, 2012). However, our results extend those findings in several important ways.…”